Ancrene Wisse, Glossary

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ANCRENE WISSE

Glossary

By Robert Hasenfratz
Originally Published in Ancrene Wisse
Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2000

    The following glossary provides entries for all but the most recognizable words in the AW. Entries generally contain the following: 1) the base form in boldface, 2) its part of speech, 3) definition, 4) breakdown of inflected forms, and 5) etymology (in square brackets [ ]), sometimes with a bibliographical reference.
    To help readers understand these often very difficult words, I have followed what seems to me a very useful practice of Friedrich Klaeber's in the glossary of his edition of Beowulf (Boston: Heath, 1950), whereby a word in ALL CAPS represents the modern descendant of the ME word. In a text as difficult as this one, any hints of the familiar should be very welcome indeed. To help make the vocabulary more transparent, cognates in other languages, particularly German, are provided. If the development of a word is unproblematic, its etymology appears as a simple abbreviation of its source language (for example, OE, OF, ON, etc.), though in the case of more difficult or interesting words, fuller etymologies appear, sometimes with bibliographic references, where appropriate. For words of Old English origin, OE means that the ME word has descended regularly from a known OE word; *OE that the ME word goes back to an OE word which does not appear in the corpus of OE texts but which is theoretically reconstructable; "from OE," that the word is based on a new combination or development of OE elements.
    Outside the OED and MED, the leading authority on the vocabulary of the AW is Zettersten, whose Studies in the Dialect and Vocabulary of the Ancrene Riwle (covering mainly native forms) and "French Loan-Words in the Ancrene Riwle and Their Frequency" manage between them to treat almost every word in the AW.
    Though there is unfortunately no cross-referencing to line numbers in the text, to find specific words or word-forms readers may consult either the concordance to the AW (Potts et al.) or the on-line version of this text on the TEAMS Middle English Texts website: http://www.lib.rochester.edu/Camelot/TEAMS/tmsmenu.htm.

Abbreviations

1
2
3
adj.
adv.
AF
AN
art.
compar.
conj.
def.
demons.
F.
fem.
fig.
gen.
Ger.
imper.
impers.
indef.
inf.
interj.
interrog.
Lat.
lit.
masc.
MDu
ME
MED
med.
MFlem
MLG
MWelsh
ModE
n.
neut.
num.
obj.
OE
OED
OF
ONF
orig.
pl.
past part.
prep.
pres.
pres. part.
prob.
pron.
reflex.
sing.
subj.
superlat.
v.

first person
second person
third person
adjective
adverb
Anglo-French
Anglo-Norman
article
comparative
conjunction
definite
demonstrative
French
feminine
figuratively
genitive, possessive
German
imperative
impersonal construction
indefinite
infinitive
interjection, exclamation
interrogative, question word
Latin
literally
masculine
Middle Dutch
Middle English
Middle English Dictionary
medieval
Middle Flemish
Middle Low German
Middle Welsh
Modern English
noun
neuter
number
objective
Old English
Oxford English Dictionary
Old French
Old Norman French
originally
plural
past participle
preposition
present tense
present participle
probably
pronoun
reflexive
singular
subjunctive
superlative
verb

a- (prefix) forth, away; (a general intensifier) [OE]
a, an (adj.) ONE; first (in a series); single; (indef. art., & pron.) A, AN; one [OE]
aa (adv.) always, ever, continuously; at all [OE]
abbat (n.) ABBOT (gen. sing. abbates) [OE, from Lat.]
a-beate (v., pres. subj. sing.) BEAT down, strike [OE]
a-bereth (v., pres. 3 sing.) BEARS, endures [OE]
a-biden (v.) to wait, delay; to wait for, expect (imper. sing. abid; imper. pl. abideth; pres. subj. sing. abide; pres. 3 sing. abit [= abideth]) [OE]
a-blende (v.) to take away sight, to blind; dazzle, confuse the senses (pres. 3 sing. ablendeth) [from OE]
a-blindeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) goes or becomes BLIND [from OE]
a-breiden (v.) to start (out of one's sleep), awake suddenly (past 3 sing. abreaid) [from OE; see breiden (v.)]
absolutiun (n.) ABSOLUTION, the remission of sin (one of the stages in the sacrament of penance) [OF, from Lat.]
a-buggen (v.) to pay for, atone for, suffer for; pay back, avenge (subj. 3 sing. abugge) [OE; ModE buy]
a-bute(n) (adv.) around, on every side; near, in the neighborhood; (prep.) around, ABOUT; near [OE]
a-buten (prep.) forever without [see aa (adv.) + buten (prep.)]
a-buve(n) (prep.) ABOVE [OE]
accidie(s) (n.) sloth (one of the seven deadly sins), torpor [AF, from Lat.]
acemin (v.) to adorn, decorate [OF]
acemunge (n.) adornment, decoration
ach (conj.) see ah (conj.)
achate (n.) agate, eagle-stone (with special powers) [Lat.]
achiesun (n.) reason, cause, motive; withuten achiesun = in vain (pl. achiesuns) [AF]
acointance (n.) ACQUAINTANCE (referring to the special treatment one might get through knowing someone with influence) [OF]
acointet (adj. & v., past part.) ACQUAINTED, familiar, informed, knowledgeable [OF]
a-colin (v.) to COOL down [OE]
a-corien (v.) to suffer, be punished; to pay for, pay the penalty for [*OE]
a-covrin (v.) to recover, regain (one's health) [OE, related ultimately to ModE recover]
a-cursede, a-curset (adj. & v., past part.) ACCURSED; worthy of a curse, detestable, execrable [from OE]
a-cwellen (v.) to kill, destroy [OE]
a-cwenchen (v.) to QUENCH, extinguish, put an end to; satisfy (pres. 3 sing. acwenct) [OE]
a-cwikien (v.) to QUICKEN, come to life; revive, bring back to life (pres. 3 sing. acwiketh) [OE]
a-cwiti(n) (v.) to ACQUIT, release, settle (a debt) [OF]
a-deadin (v.) to die; to mortify, kill (pres. 3 sing. adeadeth; past sing. adeadede) [OE]
a-dotede (adj. & v., past part.,) silly, foolish [*OE; ModE dote "to grow silly"]
a-drenchen (v.) to drown, be drowned (pres. 3 sing. adrencheth; past sing. adrencte; past part. adrenct) [OE]
a-drong (v., past sing.) drowned; was swallowed up (in hell, filth) [OE; related to adrenchen (v.)]
a-druhien (v.) to become DRY, dry up; perish (pres. 3 sing. adruheth; past sing. adruhede; past part. adruhet) [OE; see drue (adj.)]
a-dun (adv.) DOWN, downward [from OE]
Advent, Advenz (n.) ADVENT, the penitential season before Christmas, four Sundays beginning with the Sunday falling closest to St. Andrew's Day (November 30) [OF]
a-fealleth (v., pres. 3 sing.) FALLS down, dies down [OE]
a-feitet (v., past part.) disposed, inclined; trained, subdued [OF]
a-fellen (v.) to lay low, FELL, kill; overthrow, overcome [OE]
affectiun (n.) emotion, feeling; a moving of the mind; AFFECTION [OF]
a-fleieth (v., pres. 3 sing.) puts to FLIGHT, drives out; dispels, thwarts (past part. afleiet) [OE]
a-gan (v.) to GO, depart; vanish; escape; go to ruin; die (fig., pass away); ben agan = to be lost (pres. subj. sing. aga; pres. 3 sing. ageath; pres. pl. agath) [OE]
a-geasten (v.) to terrify, make AGHAST; be frightened, terrified; to deter [from OE]
a-grisen (v.) to quake, shudder, tremble (in fear); be afraid, terrified (past sing. agras) [OE; see ModE grisly]
a-gulte (v., past sing.) was GUILTY (of sin); did wrong, sin [OE]
ah (conj.) but, and [OE]
ahelich (adj.) inspiring AWE or respect; considerable, impressive [ON]
ahen (v.) to OWE; should, OUGHT (pres. 2 sing. ahest; pres. 3 sing. ahe; pres. pl. ahen, ahe (ye); past sing. ahte; past pl. ahten) [OE]
a-hon, a-honget (v., past part.) HANGED [from OE]
ahte (n., sing./pl.) possessions, property; ownership; cattle, livestock [OE]
ake (v., pres. subj. sing.) ACHE, feel pain (pres. part. akinde) [OE]
a-keast (v., past part.) CAST, knocked down, thrown over [ON]
a-keldeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) COOLS down, makes cold [from OE]
al (adj. & n.) ALL, every; everyone (pl. alle; gen. pl. alre) [OE]; (adv.) ALL, completely, entirely; exactly; right; (conj.) even though (usually with reversal of subject and verb) al gan ha = even though they go; al meast = mostly all; very nearly [OE]
alas (interj.) ALAS! [OF]
ald(e) (adj.) OLD; primeval, original [OE]
ale (n.) ALE, a fermented drink [OE]
a-le(a)st (adv.) at LAST, finally [from OE]
a-lith (v., pres. 3 sing.) subsides, LIES down [OE; see liggen (v.)]
alle-gate (adv.) in all ways, in every way; entirely; continual; in any event; nevertheless [OE + ON]
alles (adv.) completely, totally; in some way, at all; all told, in all
allunge(s) (adv.) in every way, wholly, entirely; in any way, at ALL; after all [OE]
al-mihti (adj.) ALMIGHTY, all powerful
[OE]
aloes (n. pl.) ALOES, a bitter drug derived from the East Indian Aloexylon or Aquilaria genus [OE, from Lat.]
al-swa (conj.) ALSO, likewise; alswa as = just as, in the same way that [OE]
al-swuch (conj.) just as, just SUCH [OE]
a-mainet (adj. & v., past part.) MAIMED, crippled; (fig.) helpless [OE + OF]
a-mansede (v., past sing.) cursed, swore; excommunicated (past part. amanset) [OE]
ame (interj.) Here! Hey! "addressed to a dog . . . app[arently] an invented gesture-word" (Bennett & Smithers, p. 436)
a-mead (adj.) demented; MAD, crazy [from OE]
a-measet (adj. & v., past part.) stunned, AMAZED; stupefied, dazed [OE]
a-mendement (n.) correction, improvement [OF]
a-mendin (v.) to correct, reform, MEND; remedy (past part. amendet) [OF]
ami (n.) friend; beal ami = (my) fine friend (a form of address) [OF]
a-mid, a-midde(n) (prep.) AMIDST, in the middle of [OE]
amites (n. pl.) handkerchiefs, scarves; (later) albs [OF]
ampoiles (n. pl.) AMPOULES, vials, flasks [OF]
an (adj. & n.) ONE, first (in a series) (gen. sing. anes) [OE]
anan (adv.) immediately, ANON, at once; in one direction, straight on, even [OE]
anan-riht, -rihtes (adv.) at once, immediately
ancre (n.) anchorite (man or woman); anchoress (pl. ancres, ancren; gen. sing. ancre; gen. pl. ancrene) [OE]
ancreful(e) (adj.) anxious; careful, devoted [ON angr-fullr "full of trouble"]
ancre-hus (n.) ANCHOR-HOUSE [from OE]
ancre-wahe (n.) ANCHOR-wall, wall of an anchorhold (pl. ancre-wahes)
ancrin (v.) to ANCHOR, secure with an anchor (past part. i-ancret) [OF, perhaps via OE]
ane (adj.) alone; (adv.) only [OE]
anes-weis (adv.) ONE WAY, in one direction (adverbial gen.)
ane-wil(e) (adj.) stubborn, obstinate; persistent, single-minded [OE an-wille "ONE-WILL(ed), single minded"]
an-ful (adj.) singular, individual
angoise (n.) ANGUISH, agony, intense physical pain [OF]
angoisuse (adj.) ANGUISHED, excruciating [OF]
aniversaries (n. pl.) ANNIVERSARIES, commemorations of the dead on the anniversary of their deaths [Lat.]
an-lepi (adj.) single, individual, solitary [OE]
anli, anlich (adj.) solitary; lonely (superlat. anlukest) [OE; ModE only]
an-nesse (n.) ONE-NESS, unity [OE]
anont (prep.) see onont (prep.)
an-red (adj.) resolute, persistent; reliable, sure [see an (adj.) + read (n.)]
an-rednesse (n.) constancy, resolve, single-mindedness; reliability
ant (conj.) AND; but [OE]
antefne (n.) ANTIPHON; OED: "A versicle or sentence sung by one choir in response to another" (pl. antefnes) [OE, from Lat.]
are (n.) grace; mercy [OE]
a-reache(n) (v.) to succeed in REACHING; get hold of; to obtain; get at (an enemy), attack; strike (pres. 3 sing. areacheth) [OE]
a-rearen (v.) to REAR up, raise, erect (pres. subj. sing. areare; pres. 3 sing. areareth; past sing. arearde; past part. arearet) [OE]
a-reowen (v.) to pity, feel compassion for, feel sorry about; to regret, repent [OE; see ModE ruth]
a-reownesse (n.) pity, compassion; repentance, regret
arewen (n. pl.) ARROWS [OE]
a-risen (v.) to ARISE, rise (imper. pl. ariseth; pres. subj. sing. arise; pres. 1 sing. arise; pres. 3 sing. ariseth; past sing. aras; pres. part. arisinde) [OE]
ariste (n.) ARISING, resurrection [OE]
aromaz (n. pl.) (AROMATIC) spices; perfume [OF, from Lat.]
article (n.) separate clause or statement (in the Creed or a rule); provision; ARTICLE (of faith) (pl. articles) [OF, from Lat. articulus "little joint"]
a-rudde (v., past sing.) saved, rescued; RID (someone of danger); freed, liberated (past part. arud) [OE]
as(e) (conj.) AS; when; where, whither; such as, for example; as though, as if [OE]
asailin (v.) to ASSAIL, attack, assault (pres. 3 sing. asaileth; pres. pl. asailith; past part. asailet) [OF]
asawz (n. pl.) ASSAULTS [OF]
asketh (v., pres. 3 sing.) ASKS, requires (pres. pl. askith) [OE]
a-skur (v., imper. sing.) chase, drive away [?MDu, perhaps related to ModE scour]
a-sneasen (v.) to gore, pierce; hit, strike against (pres. 3 sing. asneaseth) [OE]
asprete (n.) severity, harshness, roughness [OF, from Lat.; ModE asperity]
Assumptiun (n.) the Assumption of the Virgin into heaven (feast celebrated on August 15) [Lat.]
asswa (conj.) see al-swa (conj.)
a-steorven (v.) to kill, destroy (pres. subj. sing. asteorve; pres. 3 sing. asteorveth; past part. astorven) [OE; see Ger. sterben "to die"]
a-stihen (v., imper. pl.) climb up [OE]
aten (n. pl.) OATS [OE]
at-foren (adv.) in front of, in the presence of, BEFORE [OE]
ath (n.) OATH (pl. athes) [OE]
athet (conj. & prep.) until [OE o� ��t "until"]
a-thrusmin (v.) to suffocate, choke; "to imprison" (Zettersten [1965], p. 154) [OE]
a-tiffi (v., pres. subj. sing.) to adorn, deck out, beautify [OF]
atter (n.) poison, venom; bile, bitter substance; moral corruption; death [OE]
atter-lathe (n.) antidote (to a poison) [OE; see atter (n.) + lath (adj.)]
atternesse (n.) corruptness, sinful conduct; malice, maliciousness
attreth (v., pres. 3 sing.) poisons, envenoms, embitters (pres. pl. attrith; past part. i-attret)
attri(e) (adj.) poisonous, venemous; bitter (superlat. attrest)
a-turn (n.) attire, clothing [OF, related to ModE attire]
a-turnet (v., past part.) transformed, changed, TURNED; (legal) transferred [OF]
auctorite (n.) AUTHORITY, authoritative author or book [OF]
augrim (n.) reckoning with Arabic numbers; calculating, accounting [OF augorisme, med. Lat. algorismus, from Arabic Al-Khowarazm, surname of the mathematician Abu Ja'far Mohammed Ben Musa]
aventure (n.) chance, accident [OF]
aves (n.) AVES, Hail Marys [Lat.]
a-wakenin, a-wacnin (v.) to AWAKE, arise, spring from (pres. 3 sing. awakeneth; pres. pl. awakenith; past sing. awaknede, awacnede, awakede; past part. awakenet) [OE]
a-warpen (v.) to throw away; cast down, aside [OE]
a-wealdeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) takes control of, subdues [from OE; see ModE wield]
a-wearien (v.) to curse; (past part. as adj.) aweariede = accursed [OE; see wearien (v.)]
a-wed (adj. & v., past part.) mad, insane [OE; see wod (adj.)]
awei-ward (adv.) AWAY [from OE]
a-wildgeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see a-wilgin (v.)
a-wilgin (v.) to grow WILD, unruly; dazzle (the eyes) (pres. 3 sing. awildgeth, awilgeth) [OE]
a-wrec (v., past sing.) avenged [OE]
a-wurieth (v., pres. 3 sing.) strangles (to death), kills (by strangulation); WORRIES, tears the throat (pres. pl. awurith; past part. awuriet) [OE]
ayein (prep.) AGAINST, as a defense against, in response to, in compensation for, in spite of, despite; (adv.) back, in the opposite direction; in return [OE]
ayein-ward(es) (adv.) back, away; in the opposite direction

ba (pron.) both [OE]
baban (n.) BABY [perhaps from MWelsh baban, though perhaps imitative; see Breeze (1993), pp.12-13]
babanliche (adv.) in a BABYISH way, childishly [MWelsh; Diensberg (1978), pp. 81-82 derives the word from OF boban "pride" and defines it as "haughtily, arrogantly"]
bac (n.) the BACK (of the human torso) [OE]
bac-bitere (n.) BACKBITER, (secret) slanderer (pl. bac- biteres)
bac-bitunge (n.) BACKBITING, slander
bagge (n.) BAG, small pouch (pl. baggen) [ON]
bald (adj.) BOLD, brave [OE]
baldeliche, baltliche (adv.) BOLDLY, bravely, fearlessly
baleful (adj.) BALEFUL, harmful; deadly [OE]
bal-plohe (n.) BALLPLAY; (fig.) something easy and pleasant
ban (n.) BONE (pl. banes) [OE]
bandun (n.) jurisdiction, dominion, control; beon in bandon = be in someone's control, at someone's disposal [OF]
banere (n.) BANNER, standard, flag (pl. baneres) [OF]
bar (n.) BEAR [OE]
baraigne (adj. as n.) BARREN [OF; the MS reading, bereget, is problematic - see Textual Note to 3.443)
baret (n.) strife, conflict; combat, battle; trouble, commotion; bargaining, argument; deception, fraud [OF]
basme (n.) aromatic resin, BALM, fragrant oil [OF]
bat (n.) BOAT [OE]
bathe (adj.) BOTH [ON]; (adv. & conj.) BOTH
bead (v., past sing.) see beoden (v.)
beah (v., past sing.) see buhen (v.)
beaketh (v.) pecks; pushes the BEAK out, peeps out (pres. subj. sing. beaki; pres. 3 sing. beaketh; past sing. beakede) [OF]
beal (adj.) fine, fair; beal ami = (my) fine friend (a form of address) [OF]
bealdeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) EMBOLDENS, makes brave, encourages [OE]
beali(e) (n.) BELLOWS (pl. bealies) [OE; related to ModE belly]
bearm (n.) lap; embrace [OE]
bearn (n.) child, offspring, BAIRN (gen. bearnes; pl. bearnes) [OE]
bearne (v.) to BURN, be burned (pres. 3 sing. bearneth; past sing. bearnde; pres. part. bearninde; past part. i-bearnd) [OE]
bear-vot (adj.) BAREFOOT [OE]
beaten (v.) to BEAT, hit (pres. 3 sing. beat, beateth, past sing. beot, past part. i-beate, i-beaten) [OE]
beath (n.) BATH (pl. beathes) [OE]
beawbelez (n. pl.) jewels [med. Lat. baubellus "jewel"; probably not from OF baubel "toy, plaything"]
bed(e) (v.) see bidden (v.)
bedd(e) (n.) BED [OE]
beggilde (n.) a female beggar, beggar-woman [see beggin (v.) and -ild (suffix)]
beggin (v.) to BEG [origin obscure]
beie (v., pres. 3 subj. sing.) (might) bend [OE, related to buhen (v.)]
beme (n.) trumpet (for warfare, hunting) (pl. bemen) [OE]
bemere (n.) trumpeter (pl. bemeres)
bemin (v.) to blow, blast (on a trumpet); resound (like a trumpet), to trumpet
bench (n.) BENCH, pew [OE]
bencin (v.) to BEND or arch (the eyebrows) [*OE; see Zettersten (1965), p. 71]
benen (n. pl.) prayers; requests [OE]
beo(n) (v.) to BE (imper. sing./pl. beo; pres. subj. sing. beo; past subj. sing. were; pres. 3 sing. is, bith; pres. pl. beoth; past sing. wes; past pl. weren; inflected inf. to beonne; past part. i-beon; negative forms: pres. subj. sing. nere; pres. 1 sing. nam; pres. 2 sing. nart; pres. 3 sing. nis; past sing. nes; past pl. neren) [OE]
beode (n.) prayer (pl. beoden) [OE; see Ger. gebet "prayer"]
beoden (v.) to offer; command, bid, urge (pres. subj. sing. beode, pres. 3 sing. beot, beodeth; pres. pl. beodeth; past sing. bead; past part. i-bote) [OE; see Ger. bieten]
beodes-mon (n.) prayer-MAN, one who prays for the souls of others; an almsman, one paid to pray for others in return for lodging in an almshouse [see beode (n.) + mon (n.)]
beore (n.) BEAR (the animal representing sloth) [OE]
beoren (v.) to BEAR, carry; give birth to; endure, preserve; (reflex.) to behave oneself, act bereth ow/hire on heorte = (it) weighs on your/her heart (imper. sing. ber; imper. pl. beoreth; pres. subj. sing. bere; pres. 2 sing. berest; pres. 3 sing. bereth; pres. pl. beoreth; past pl. beren; past part. i-boren) [OE]
beot(e) (v.) see beaten (v.) or beoden (v.)
beoth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see beon (v.)
beowiste (n.) dwelling, living; abode, home; living, life; way or condition of life [OE]
berkest (v., pres. 2 sing.) BARK [OE]
bersten (v.) to BURST, break (pres. subj. sing. berste; pres. 3 sing. bersteth) [OE]
bet (adv.) BETTER (compar. of god [adj.]) [OE]
beten (v.) to amend, restore; pay for, compensate; atone, make restitution for (a sin) (imper. pl. beteth; past part. i-bet, i-bette) [OE; early ModE boot "remedy"]
betles (n. pl.) mallet, sledgehammer; OED: "An implement consisting of a heavy weight or 'head,' usually of wood, with a handle or stock, used for driving wedges or pegs, ramming down paving stones, or for crushing, bruising, beating, flattening, or smoothing, in various industrial and domestic operations, and having various shapes according to the purpose for which it is used" [OE; see beaten (v.) + -(e)les (suffix)]
bi (prep.) BY, close to, near; concerning, about [OE]
bi-barret (v., past part.) enclosed, confined securely (with a BAR or bolt) [OF]
bi-blodge (v., imper. sing.) BLOODY, make bloody (pres. subj. sing. biblodgi; past part. bibled) [OE]
bi-burien (v.) to BURY, inter (a corpse) (past part. biburiet) [OE]
bi-chearren (v.) to lead astray, mislead; to seduce, deceive (pres. subj. sing. bichearre; past part. bichearret) [OE; see Ger. bekehren "to convert"]
bi-cleopien (v.) to cry out against, accuse (legal) (pres. subj. sing. bicleopie; past part. bicleopet) [OE; see cleopien (v.)]
bi-cluppeth (v., imper. pl.) embrace (affectionately); surround, envelop; contain, confine (pres. subj. sing. bicluppe; past sing. biclupte; past part. bicluppet) [OE; see cluppen (v.)]
bi-cluset (v., past part.) ENCLOSED [OE]
bi-clusunge (n.) ENCLOSURE [OE]
bi-clute (v., imper. sing.) mend with a patch or CLOUT, cover with a cloth; (fig.) dress up, prettify [from OE]
bi-corven (v., past part.) cut off, CARVED off [see keorve (v.)]
bi-cumen (v.) to BECOME, turn into; be suitable, becoming (pres. 3 sing. bikimeth; past sing. bicom; past part. bicumene) [OE]
bidden (v.) to ask, request, beg; pray, say a prayer (for); command, BID, order, direct (imper. sing. bide; imper. pl. biddeth; pres. 1 sing. bide; pres. 2 sing. bidest; pres. 3 sing. bit, bid, biddeth; pres. pl. biddeth; past sing. bede, bed) [OE]
biddunge (n.) BIDDING, request; prayer [see bidden (v.)]
biden (v.) to remain, stay, live; wait for, expect; endure, experience [OE; ModE bide]
bi-don (v.) to befoul (a place), defile, beshit (oneself); (lit.,) BE-DO (pres. 3 pl. bidoth) [OE]
bi-dweolieth (v., pres. pl.) mislead; delude, trick [from OE]
bi-falleth (v., pres. pl.) BEFALL, happen to; belong to [OE]
bi-fon (v.) to grasp, seize [OE]
bi-fule(n) (v.) to BEFOUL, make filthy (in a physical or moral sense); defile (pres. 3 sing. bifuleth) [from OE]
bi-gileth (v., pres. 3 sing.) BEGUILES, tricks, deceives (past part. bigilet) [OF]
bi-ginnin (v.) to BEGIN (imper. sing. bigin; imper. pl. biginneth; pres. subj. sing. biginne; pres. 3 sing. biginneth; past sing. bigon; past part. bigunnen) [OE]
bi-gurd (v., pres. 3 sing. [= bigurdeth]) encircles, encloses (with something); besieges (past part. bigurde) [from OE; see gurdel (n.)]
bi-gurdel (n.) purse, moneybag (hanging from a belt or GIRDLE) [OE]
bi-halde(n) (v.) to hold, keep, observe; to pertain, relate to; signify, mean; to BEHOLD, keep in view; consider, think about (imper. sing. bihald; imper. pl. bihaldeth; pres. 2 sing. bihaldest; pres. 3 sing. bihalt; pres. pl. bihaldeth; past sing. biheold) [OE]
bi-haldunge (n.) a BEHOLDING, sight [see bi-halden (v.)]
bi-haten (v.) to promise, vow (pres. 3 sing. bihat; pres. pl. bihateth; past sing. bihet) [OE; see hate (v.)]
bi-heafdunge (n.) a BEHEADING [OE; see heaved (n.)]
bi-heve (adj.) profitable, useful, necessary, BEHOOVEFUL (superlat. biheveste) [OE]; (n.) profit, advantage, benefit, BEHOOVE [OE]
bi-hinde (prep.) BEHIND, at the back [OE]
bi-hinden (adj.) at the rear; earlier, past; later; beon bihinden = to be at a disadvantage, be badly off (or, inferior), be backward, slow, tardy [OE]
bi-hofde (v., past sing.) had need of, required; (impers.) it was necessary, it BEHOOVED [OE]
bi-hove (n.) profit, need, BEHOOF [OE]
bi-kimeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see bi-cumen (v.)
bi-leasunges (n.) lies, falsehoods; fabrications, slanders [from OE]
bi-leave (n.) BELIEF, faith [from OE]
bi-leppet (v., past part.) clothed or enveloped; (fig.) surrounded [from OE l�ppa "loose garment"]
bi-limeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) cuts off a LIMB, mutilates (reflex.) [from OE]
bi-limpeth (v., pres. pl.) befit, belong to [OE]
bi-lohen (v., past part.) lied about, slandered [OE]
bi-loken (v.) to shut; enclose, LOCK; (past part. as adj.) bilokene = contained [OE]
bi-lokin (v.) to see, LOOK at; examine (pres. 3 sing. biloketh) [from OE]
bi-lurd (v., past sing.) LURED (orig. a hawking term), enticed; set a trap for, tricked [*OE or OF]
bi-malscret (v., past part.) bewildered, confused; bewitched [OE malscrung "charm, enchantment"; see ModE maskering]
bi-measet, bi-measede (adj. & v., past part.) stupefied, confused, bewildered [*OE; see ModE amazed]
bi-mong (prep.) AMONG [OE]
binde(n) (v.) to BIND, fasten, tie (up) (imper. sing. bind; pres. 3 sing. bindeth, bint; pres. pl. bindeth; past part. i-bunden) [OE]
bi-neomen (v.) to take away (something), do away with, destroy; to deprive, despoil; take, take hold of (pres. 3 sing. binimeth; pres. pl. bineometh) [OE; see Ger. benehmen "to deprive of"]
bi-neothen (adv. & prep.) BENEATH [OE]
bi-netli (v.) to NETTLE, whip with nettles [from OE]
bi-pilet (v., past part.) stripped (bare), PILLAGED [see pilewin (v.)]
bi-pilunge (n.) a stripping, plundering
bi-pinnet (adj. & v., past part.) PENNED in, confined [from OE]
bi-reafde (v., past sing.) BEREAVED, deprived, robbed [OE]
bi-reinet (adj. & v., past part.) RAINED on [from OE]
bi-reowsunge (n.) repentance, remorse, contrition, RUE [OE]
birlen (v.) to serve, ply with (a drink), pour out; serve (pres. 3 sing. birleth) [from OE byrele "cup-bearer"; ultimately related to beoren (v.) "to carry"]
bi-sahe (n.) proverb, saying [on the model of Lat. pro-verbium]
bi-sampleth (v., pres. 3 sing.) explains, explains away; offers excuses, rationalizes (past part. bisamplet) [OF]
bi-seche(n) (v.) to BESEECH, beg; to ask, supplicate; seek after, search for (imper. sing. bisech; imper. pl. bisecheth; pres. 3 pl. bisecheth; past pl. bisohten; past part. bisoht) [OE]
bi-semde (v., past sing.) SEEMED to be (in a certain state) [from ON]
bi-senchen (v.) to SINK, plunge (something into fire or water), submerge (past sing. bisencte) [OE]
bi-seo(n) (v.) to consider; to SEE to, look after; to provide, arrange (imper. pl. biseoth) [OE]
bi-set (v., past part.) surrounded; besieged, BESET [OE]
bisi (adj.) BUSY, occupied; diligent (pl. bisie; compar. bisgre) [OE]
bisiliche (adv.) BUSILY; carefully, attentively
bisischipe (n.) BUSINESS, activity
bismere (n.) ridicule, mockery; scorn, contempt; lahhen to bismere = laugh to scorn [OE]
bi-smuddet (adj. & v., past part.) BESMUTTED, dirty, stained [from OE]
bi-smulret (adj. & v., past part.) besmeared, beslobbered, filthy [see smirles (n.)]
bi-socne (n.) request, entreaty [from OE]
bi-sperret (v., past part.) shut in, locked up [see sperreth (v.)]
bi-spit (v., pres. 3 sing.) SPITS on [OE]
bi-spottith (v., pres. pl.) sullies, BESPOTS, splatters [Ger., though precise origin is obscure]
bist (v., pres. 2 sing.) see beon (v.)
bi-steathet (v., past part.) placed; beset (by enemies), hard pressed [from ON]
bi-steoken (v.) to confine, shut up; to lock, bar [from ME steken "bar, lock"; see steoke (v.)]
bi-stonden (v., past part.) harassed, attacked; surrounded [OE]
bi-swiken (v.) to deceive, cheat, betray (pres. subj. sing. biswike; pres. 3 sing. biswiketh) [OE]
bit (v., pres. 3 sing.) see bidden (v.)
bi-tacnin (v.) to BETOKEN, symbolize; mean (pres. subj. sing. bitacni; pres. 3 sing. bitacneth; pres. pl. bitacnith; past sing. bitacnede; past part. bitacnet, bitacned) [OE; see tacne (n.)]
bi-tacnunge (n.) symbol, sign; meaning, significance; BETOKENING
bi-teachen (v.) to hand over, deliver; entrust, commit (past part. bitaht) [OE]
bi-tellunge (n.) excuse, justification [from OE]
biten (v.) to BITE; taste, drink (a liquid) (pres. 3 sing. biteth; pres. pl. biteth; pres. part. bitinde) [OE]
bi-teon (v.) to bestow, spend, give away; (past part. as adj.) uvele bitohe = misspent, wasted (pres. 1 sing. biteo; past part. bitohe) [OE]
bith (v., pres. 3 sing.) see beon (v.)
bi-thencheth (v., pres. 3 sing.) considers, THINKS about; remembers (past subj. sing. bithohte; pres. pl. bithencheth; past part. bithoht) [OE]
bi-thoht(e) (v., past sing., past part.) see bithencheth (v.)
bi-tiden (v.) to happen, befall, BETIDE [OE]
bi-timeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) happens, comes about [from OE]
bi-tohe (v., past part.) see bi-teon (v.)
bi-trept (v., past part.) TRAPPED, ensnared [OE]
bi-truileth (v., pres. 3 sing.) dupes, tricks, deceives [from OF, see truiles (n.)]
bitter, bittre (adj.) BITTER; sour, morose; harsh, severe (gen. sing. bittres; compar. bittrure) [OE]
bitterliche (adv.) BITTERLY; harshly, sharply (compar. bitterluker) [OE]
bittrin (v.) to EMBITTER, make bitter [OE]
bittrure (adv., compar.) BITTERER [OE]
bi-tuhe(n), bi-tuhhen (prep.) between, among [from OE]
bi-tunen (v.) to enclose, confine, shut in; entomb (past sing. bitunde; past part. bitund(e)) [OE]
bi-turn (v., imper. sing.) to TURN, direct towards; (of colors) to change (past part. biturnd) [OE]
bi-twe(o)nen (prep.) BETWEEN, among, with; (adv.) between, in the midst [OE]
bivoren-hand (adv.) BEFOREHAND, ahead, in advance, in anticipation
bi-wenden (v.) to turn oneself around (reflex.) (pres. 3 sing. biwent) [OE]
bi-wepe(n) (v.) to BEWEEP, cry for (imper. pl. biwepen; past sing. biweop) [OE]
bi-winneth (v., pres. pl.) obtain, gain, WIN (past sing. biwon) [from OE]
bi-wrabbet (v., past part.) wrapped, enveloped [prob. Ger., specific origin obscure]
bi-wrencheth (v., pres. 3 sing.) cheats, tricks [OE]
bi-wrixlet (v., past part.) changed, transformed [from OE]
bi-wunnen (v., past part.) overcome, defeated [OE]
bi-yeote(n) (v.) to acquire, GET, obtain (by effort); receive (pres. 3 sing. biyeoteth, biyet; past sing. biyet; past part. biyete; inflected inf. to biyeotene) [OE]
bi-yete (n.) acquisition, property, possession; gain, profit, benefit, advantage; spoils, booty; prey [see bi-yeoten (v.)]
bi-yulet (v., past part.) deceived, bewitched [see yulunges (n.)]
bla (adj.) black, dark; pale, gray, ashen [ON]
blac, blake (adj.) BLACK; (as n.) blackness [OE]
blameth (v., pres. 3 sing.) BLAMES (past part. i-blamet) [OF]
bla-mon (n.) black-MAN, African, Moor [see bla (adj.)]
blawen (v.) to BLOW (pres. subj. sing. blawe; pres. 3 sing. blaweth) [OE]
blawunge (n.) BLOWING [see blawen (v.)]
bleachen (v.) to whiten, clean, BLEACH (past part. i-bleachet) [OE]
bleas (n.) a blowing, gust; blowing (of horns), BLAST [OE]
blease (n.) torch, firebrand (pl. bleasen) [OE; ModE blaze]
bleasie (v., pres. subj. sing.) BLAZE, burst out in flame [see blease (n.)]
bleddest (v., past 2 sing.) BLED (past sing. bledde; past pl. bledden) [OE]
bleddre (n.) BLADDER, a bag made from an animal bladder [OE]
blenchen (v.) to flinch, twitch, start; swerve aside [OE blencan]
blenden (v.) to BLEND, mix, stir [OE blendian]
blent (v., pres. 3 sing.) BLINDS, bedazzles; confuses, misleads; grows (spiritually) blind (a reduced form of blendeth) [OE blendan]
blescin (v.) to BLESS, consecrate; make the sign of the cross (imper. sing. blesce; imper. pl. blescith; pres. pl. blescith; past sing. blescede; past part. i-blescet) [OE]
blikien (v.) to shine [OE]
blind(e) (adj.) BLIND [OE]
blind-feallunge (n.) a BLINDFOLDING [see blint-fealli (v.)]
blint-fealli (v., pres. subj. sing.) BLINDFOLD (someone) (past sing. blindfeallede; past part. i-blintfeallet) [from OE]
blisful(e) (adj.) happy, BLISSFUL; blessed, glorified [OE]
blisfulliche (adv.) joyously, happily BLISSFULLY
blisse (n.) BLISS, joy, happiness (pl. blissen, blisses) [OE]
blissin (v.) to rejoice, be happy (reflex.); to gladden, make happy (imper. pl. blissith; pres. 1 sing. blissi; past part. i-blisset) [OE]
blithe (adj.) happy, joyful, BLITHE; (adv.) happily, joyfully [OE]
blitheliche, bluthelich (adv.) BLITHELY, joyfully, happily [OE]
blod(e) (n.) BLOOD (gen. sing. blodes) [OE]
blod-binde (n.) bandage (for stopping BLOOD) [from OE]
blodi (adj.) BLOODY [OE]
blod-leten(e) (adj. & v., past part.) BLOODLET (person), a person who has had blood let [from OE]
blod-letunge (n.) BLOODLETTING, phlebotomy, a medical procedure
blostmen (n. pl.) BLOSSOMS [OE]
bloweth (v., pres. pl.) to bloom, blossom [OE]
boc (n.) BOOK (pl. bokes) [OE]
bode (n.) command, behest; news, messages (pl. boden) [OE bod]
bodeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) preaches; proclaims, announces; foretells, prophesies (pres. pl. bodieth) [OE bodian]
boh (n.) BOUGH, branch (pl. bohes) [OE]
bohte(n) (v., past) see buggen (v.)
boistes, buistes (n. pl.) jars, boxes, or chests (for medicines or cosmetics) [OF]
boke(s) (n.) see boc (n.)
bolheth (v., pres. 3 sing.) swells, puffs up (with air or pride); (past part. as adj.) i-bollen = swollen, puffed up, inflated [OE]
bollen (adj. & v., past part.) swollen (with pride), puffed up, inflated [see bolheth (v.)]
bone (n. 1) prayer; request (pl. bonen) [ON; ModE boon] (n. 2) slayer, murderer, BANE [OE]
bord (n.) BOARD, plank; (dining) table, (fig.) meals; ship, side of a ship [OE]
borhi (n., pres. subj. sing.) BORROW (pres. subj. pl. borhin) [OE]
bosum (n.) BOSOM, chest, embrace; (fig.) heart, inward thoughts [OE]
bote (n.) good, benefit; remedy, cure; repentance, restitution (pl. boten) [OE]
botte (n.) cudgel; OED: "The thicker end of anything, esp. a tool or weapon" [OE *bott, related to OE batt "bat, cudgel"]
brad(e) (adj.) BROAD, wide [OE]
bread, brede (n.) BREAD (gen. sing. breades) [OE]
breade (n.) breadth, extent [OE; see brad (adj.)]
breath (n.) BREATH; evil, stinking breath, halitosis; odor, smell, stench [OE]
brech (n.) BREECHES, short trousers, covering the body from the lower waist to the knee [OE]
breden (v.) to BREED, engender; to cherish, foster, nourish (pres. 3 sing. bret [= bredeth]; past sing. bredde) [OE]
breide(n) (v.) to dart, dash, jump; twist, turn, draw; brandish; seize, grasp, attack; fling, toss; weave, BRAID (imper. sing. breid; pres. 3 sing. breideth, breid; past sing. breid) [OE]
breoke(n) (v.) to BREAK, tear; crush, defeat; break into, open; violate; escape (imper. sing. breoke; past subj. pl. breken; pres. 3 sing. breketh, breoketh; past sing. brec; past pl. breken; pres. part. breokinde; past part. i-broke, i-broken, i-brokene) [OE brecan]
breord (n.) brim, brink, margin [OE brerd "margin"]
breost-wunde (n.) chest WOUND [from OE]
breres (n. pl.) BRIARS, thorns; bramble-bushes [OE]
bres (n.) BRASS [OE]
bret (v., pres. 3 sing.) see breden (v.)
brid (n.) BIRD of any kind; young of a bird, fledgling, nestling, chick (this meaning current throughout ME period) (pl. briddes) [OE]
bridli (v., pres. subj. sing.) BRIDLE, restrain (pres. 3 sing. bridleth; past part. i-bridlet) [OE]
briht(e) (adj.) BRIGHT (compar. brihtre) [OE]
brihte (adv.) BRIGHTLY, brilliantly; (see, understand) clearly, distinctly; loudly (compar. brihtluker) [OE]
brihtin (v.) to BRIGHTEN make bright; illuminate, explain (pres. 3 sing. brihteth) [OE]
bringe(n) (v.) to BRING; lead, convey; carry (pres. 3 sing. bringeth; pres. pl. bringeth; past sing. brohte; past pl. brohten; past part. i-broht) [OE]
broche (n.) BROOCH, ornamental clasp or pin [OF]
brokes (n.1 pl.) streams, torrents; tributaries; (fig.) branches, offshoots [OE; see ModE brook]; (n. 2 pl.) afflictions, miseries [OE broc "affliction"]
brondes (n. pl.) BRANDS, fires, flames; OED: "a piece of wood that is or has been burning on the hearth" [OE]
brother (n.) BROTHER, fellow member of an order; ane brethren = a group, collection of brothers (obj. sing. brether; pl. brethren) [OE]
bruche (n.) BREACH, rift, fracture; violation, breaking (of a command) (pl. bruchen) [OE; related to breoken (v.)]
bruchel(e) (adj.) easily broken, brittle; transitory, vain; morally weak (compar. bruchelure) [from OE]
brud (n.) BRIDE [OE]
brugge (n.) BRIDGE [OE]
bruhen (n. pl.) BROWS, eyebrows [OE]
bruken (v.) to enjoy, take one's pleasure in; to possess, get, take, keep; employ, use; consume, eat or drink [OE; see ModE to brook]
brune (n.) fire, flame; BURNING heat, burning; o brune = aflame, burning [OE]
brunie (n.) BYRNIE, heavy body-armor, a coat of mail [ON]
buc (n.) belly; trunk (of the body); corpse, body [OE]
bucke (n.) BUCK, the male of a variety of animals [OE]
buffet (n.) BUFFET, blow (pl. buffez) [OF]
buffeteden (v., past 3 pl.) BUFFETED, pummeled [OF]
buggen (v.) to BUY, pay for; (fig.) pay for (in suffering) (pres. subj. sing. bugge; pres. 3 sing. buth, buggeth; pres. pl. buggeth; past sing. bohte; past pl. bohten; past part. i-boht) [OE]
buhen (v.) to BOW, bend; kneel; be submissive; submit to, obey (imper. sing. buh; imper. pl. buhen; pres. 3 sing. buheth; past sing. beah; pres. part. buhinde) [OE]
buhsum (adj.) pliant; obedient [from buhen (v.) + OE suffix -sum; ModE buxom]
buistes (n. pl.) see boistes (n. pl.)
bulten (v.) to rebound, BOLT back, recoil; reverberate (pres. 3 sing. bulteth) [from OE]
bultunge (n.) recoil, rebounding; reverberation
bune (n.) a purchase, buying [OE]
bunkin (v.) to beat, pound, bonk [prob. imitative; see OF bonge]
bur (n.) BOWER, chamber, bedroom [OE]
burde (n.) birth [from OE]
burgeise (n.) BURGESS, a full (and prosperous) citizen of a borough; an official of a borough [OF]
burgurs (n. pl.) BURGLARS, pillagers [OF]
burh (n.) castle, stronghold; tower; city, town (pl. burhes) [OE; see ModE burg]
burhen (v.) to save, rescue [OE; see i-borhen (v.)]
burh-men (n. pl.) citizens, town-men [from OE]
burinesse (n.) BURIAL place; a burying [OE]
burtherne (n.) BURDEN; anything that is hard to endure; suffering, penance; feudal obligation; importance, significance [OE]
bute(n) (conj.) except (that), unless, only; (prep.) except; (adv.) bute the an, buten an = only the one [OE]
buth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see buggen (v.)
buve(n) (prep. & adv.) ABOVE [from OE]

cader (n.) cradle [MWelsh cader "cradle"; compare F. cadre "frame"]
cage (n.) CAGE [OF]
cahte (v., past sing.) see kecchen (v.)
cakele (adj. & n.) CACKLING, chattering; cackler, chatterer [see cakelin (v.)]
cakelin (v.) to CACKLE, to cluck like a laying hen or other bird (pres. 3 sing. cakeleth; pres. part. cakelinde; past part. i-cakelet) [imitative, prob. from Ger.]
cald(e) (adj.) COLD [OE]
calices (n. pl.) see chaliz (n.)
cancre (n.) spreading sore, ulcer, CANKER [ONF]
cang (n.) fool (gen. sing. canges) [prob. ON; see cang (adj.)]
cang, chang (adj.) foolish; lewd, wicked, lustful [prob. ON, see kangin-yr�i "jeering words," perhaps via OF (note c/ch interchange)]
cangen (v.) to fool, trick; make a fool of
cangliche (adv.) foolishly; lewdly, wickedly
cangschipe (n.) foolishness, stupidity
cangun (n.) fool; (or, perhaps) changeling, a fickle or inconstant person [either from cang (n.) or OF cangoun "changeling"]
canonial (adj.) CANONICAL, in the biblical canon [OF]
cape (n.) COPE, an ecclesiastical garment with a hood [ONF]
capitale (adj.) of the head [OF]
cappen (n. pl.) CAPS, head-coverings [OE]
carien (v.) to be concerned, CARE about; be troubled, anxious about, to worry about [OE]
carles (adj.) free from CARE, worry; (hence) safe [from OE; see ModE careless]
carnel (n.) battlement, CRENELATION; OED: "One of the open spaces or indentations alternating with the merlons or cops of an embattled parapet, used for shooting or launching projectiles upon the enemy" (pl. carneus) [ONF]
castel (n.) fort, fortification; CASTLE (pl. castles) [ONF]
cave, kave (adj.) bold, eager, courageous; quick; impudent [OE]
celer (n.) pantry, storeroom, CELLAR [OF]
celles (n. pl.) store-rooms, store-closets [OF, from Lat.]
chaf(f)le (n.) jabber, gossip, jawing [OE ceafl "the jaw"]
chaffere (n.) dealing, buying and selling, trading; bargain [*OE; related to chap (n.) + fearen (v.)]
chafleth (v., pres. 3 sing.) chatters, jabbers, jaws (pres. pl. chafflith) [see chaffle (n.)]
chaflunge (n.) chattering, jabbering, jawing
chalengest (v., pres. 2 sing.) accuse, arraign; find fault with, CHALLENGE (past part. i-calenget) [OF]
chaliz (n.) drinking cup, goblet; CHALICE, cup from which sacramental wine is served in the Eucharist (pl. calices) [OF, from Lat.]
chamberleng (n.) CHAMBERLAIN [OF]
chambre (n.) CHAMBER, (private) room [OF]
champiun (n.) fighter, combatant; CHAMPION (pl. champiuns) [OF]
chang (adj.) see cang (adj.)
change (n.) EXCHANGE, trade [OF]
changin (v.) to CHANGE, alter (imper. pl. changeth; pres. 3 sing. changeth; past part. i-changet) [OF]
changunge (n.) CHANGING, alteration
chap (n.) bargain, trade; price [OE; ModE cheap]
chapeth (v.) bargains (for); trades, buys (past sing. chapede) [OE]
chapitres (n. pl.) sections or divisions of a book; CHAPTERS [OF]
chap-mon (n.) merchant, trader, dealer; bargainer; buyer, customer [see chap (n.)]
charge (n.) cargo, freight, action of loading; burden; encumbrance; hardship, harm, trouble; duty, responsibility; importance [OF]
charoines (n. pl.) carcasses, corpses, CARRIONS [OF]
chartres (n. pl.) legal documents or deeds [OF]
chast (n.) fighting, strife; quarreling, bickering, dispute [OE]
chaste (adj.) CHASTE, pure [OF]
chastete (n.) CHASTITY [OF]
chastiement (n.) CHASTISEMENT, reprimand [OF]
chastien (v.) to CHASTISE; to correct, reprove (imper. pl. chastie) [OF]
chearitable (adj.) loving, CHARITABLE [OF]
chearite (n.) CHARITY, love [OF]
chearre (n.) time, occasion [OE]
chef (n.) CHAFF [OE]
cheke (n.) CHEEK (pl. cheken) [OE]
cheorl (n.) peasant, serf [OE]
cheosen (v.) to CHOOSE (imper. sing. cheos; imper. pl. cheose; pres. 3 sing. cheoseth; past part. i-core, i-coren[e]) [OE]
cheoweth (v., pres. 3 sing.) CHEWS [OE]
chepeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see chapeth (v.)
chepilt (n.) business woman, woman merchant [see chap (n.) and -ild (suffix)]
chepinge (n.) trade marketing, bargaining, buying and selling; (a) market [see chapeth (v.)]
chere (n.) human face; facial expression, grimace; outward appearance, show of emotion; bearing, manner, mood; friendliness, hospitality; maken (someone) chere = to welcome, entertain (someone), treat (someone) well (pl. cheres) [OF; ModE cheer]
cherte (n.) dearness, fondness, cherishing [OF; related to chearite (n.)]
cherubines (n., gen. sing.) CHERUBIM'S, the angel's (sword) [from Lat.]
chideth (v., pres. 3 sing.) CHIDES, scolds [OE]
chidildes (n. pl.) CHIDING, quarrelsome women [see chideth (v.) and -ild (suffix)]
childene (adj.) CHILDISH [from OE]
childhad(e) (n.) CHILDHOOD [OE]
chirch(e) (n.) CHURCH [OE]
chirche-thurl (n.) CHURCH-window; the window in an anchorhold facing inward to the church's altar
chirmin (v.) to chirp, warble, CHIRM (pres. 3 sing. chirmeth) [OE]
chiterin (v.) to chatter, twitter (imper. pl. chiterith; pres. 3 sing. chitereth; pres. part. chiterinde) [imitative]
chulle (v.) see wullen (v.)
cite (n.) CITY [OF]
clane (adv.) see clene (adv.)
clath (n.) CLOTH; clothing (pl. clathes) [OE]
clathinde (v., pres. part.) CLOTHING, dressing [OE]
clauses (n. pl.) (short) sentences, phrases [OF]
cleane (adj.) pure, CLEAN, chaste [OE]
cleanliche (adv.) completely, thoroughly, CLEANLY [OE]
cleannesse (n.) purity, chastity [OE]
cleansin (v.) to CLEANSE, clean; purify (imper. sing. clense; pres. 3 sing. cleanseth, clenseth; pres. pl. cleansith; pres. part. cleansing) [OE]
cleap(pe) (n.) CLAP, stroke; CLAPPER, OED: "The contrivance in a mill for striking or shaking the hopper so as to make the grain move down to the mill-stones"; (fig.) the tongue; ed an cleap = at one stroke, at once [from OE]
clearc (n.) CLERK, cleric, scholar, student (pl. clearkes) [OE or OF, from Lat.]
cleavers (n. pl.) claws [OE]
cleches (n. pl.) clutches [from OE]
clene (adv.) CLEANLY; clean, completely [OE]
cleopien (v.) to speak, call (for), shout; to name, give a name, call; to greet; invite (imper. sing. cleope; pres. subj. sing. cleopie; pres. 3 sing. cleopeth; pres. pl. cleopieth; past sing. cleopede; past part. i-cleopet, i-cleopede) [OE]
clergesse (n.) a female scholar, a learned woman; female member of a religious order [OF, fem. form of clerc; see clearc (n.)]
climben (v.) to CLIMB (pres. 3 sing. climbeth; pres. 1, 3 pl. climben; past sing. clomb; past pl. clumben; past part. i-clumben) [OE]
cloistre (n.) CLOISTER, convent [OF]
clokes (n. pl.) claws, CLUTCHES; (fig.) control [*OE]
clomb, clumben (v.) see climben (v.)
clot (n.) lump, CLOD (of earth); (fig.) the human body [OE]
clowes de gilofre (n. pl.) CLOVE-GILLY flower, the spice clove [OF clou de gilofre]
cluppen (v.) to CLIP, hug, embrace; envelop, surround (pres. 3 sing. cluppeth) [OE]
cluppunge (n.) embracing, embrace, clasping (pl. cluppunges)
clut (n.) a piece of cloth used as a patch or rag (pl. clutes) [OE; ModE clout]
cluti (v., pres. subj. sing.) patch up, add (to), embellish (with) [see clut (n.)]
cnawen (v.) to KNOW, understand, have (full) knowledge of (pres. 2 sing. cnawest; pres. 3 sing. cnaweth; pres. pl. cnawen) [OE]
cnawle(a)chunge (n.) KNOWLEDGE, understanding, recognition [from OE]
cnawunge (n.) a KNOWING, understanding, recognition
cneave (n.) boy; servant or menial [OE; see ModE knave, Ger. knabe "boy"]
cneo (n.) KNEE (pl. cneon) [OE]
cneolin (v.) to KNEEL (imper. pl. cneolith; pres. part. cneolinde) [OE]
cneolunges (n.) KNEELINGS
cnif (n.) KNIFE (pl. cnives) [OE]
cnif-warpere (n.) KNIFE thrower [see cnif (n.) and warpen (v.)]
cniht (n.) KNIGHT (pl. cnihtes) [OE]
cnihtschipe (n.) KNIGHTLY behavior; chivalry, valor
cnost (n.) swelling, lump, tumor [*OE]
cnut (v., pres. 3 sing. [= cnutteth]) KNOTS, puts a knot in [OE]
cogitatiun (n.) COGITATION, consideration, thinking (pl. cogitatiuns) [OF]
cointe (adj.) clever, wise, prudent; crafty, wily, cunning; famous, notorious; fashionable; proud, vain [OF; ModE quaint]
cokes (n., gen. sing.) COOK'S [OE]
collecte (n.) a COLLECT, a short liturgical prayer [OF, from late Lat.]
com, comen (v., past) see cumen (v.)
commendaciun (n.) COMMENDATION; OED: "an office originally ending with the prayer Tibi, Domine, commendamus [to you, Lord, we commit (their spirits)], in which the souls of the dead were commended to God; said before their burial, and in anniversary or commemorative services" [OF, from Lat.]
complie (n.) COMPLINE, the last liturgical hour of the day [OF]
con (v., pres. 1, 3 sing.) see cunnen (v.)
Condelmeasse (n.) CANDLEMAS (February 2); OED: "The feast of the purification of the Virgin Mary (or presentation of Christ in the Temple) celebrated with a great display of candles"[OE]
confort, cunfort (n.) COMFORT; strengthening, encouragement (pl. cunforz) [OF]
conseiler (n.) COUNSELOR, adviser [OF]
consens (n.) consent, permission [OF]
consenti (v.) to CONSENT, agree [OF]
const (v., pres. 2 sing.) see cunnen (v.)
contenemenz (n.) behavior [OF]
continuelement (adv.) CONTINUALLY [OF]
contumace (n.) CONTUMACY, stubbornness, rebelliousness [OF]
cop (n.) summit, crown, top [OE; see Ger. kopf "head"]
cop, cape (n.) CAPE, cloak; habit (of a monk or friar), COPE [ON or Lat.]
corbin (n.) a raven, CORBIE [OF]
cornes (n. pl.) grains [OE]
cos (n.) KISS (pl. cosses) [OE]
costnede (v., past sing.) COST, was expensive or costly [OF]
cote (n.) COTE, cottage, hovel [OE]
countenance (n.) bearing, behavior; appearance, facial expression; face [OF]
cover (adj.) villainous, vile [OF, from late Lat. co-libertus "freeman, serf"]
coverschipe (n.) villainy, treachery [OF + OE]
cradel (n.) CRADLE [OE]
cravant (adj.) defeated, vanquished; yeien cravant = to cry "(I am) defeated!," "I give up!"; to surrender [from OF; see Diensberg (1978), pp. 80-81]
craven (v.) to ask for earnestly, beg for, CRAVE (something) (past part. i-cravet) [OE]
crecche (n.) manger [OF]
crenge (v.) to strut, swagger; condescend; bend haughtily, crenge with swire = to arch the neck (proudly) (pres. subj. sing. crenge) [*OE; related to ModE cringe]
creoiz (n.) CROSS [OF]
creop (v., imper. sing.) CREEP, crawl (imper. pl. creopen) [OE]
criblin (v.) to make fine lace or embroidery (whose intricate design resembles the pattern of holes in a sieve) [from OF crible "sieve"]
crie(th) (v., imper. pl.) CRY, weep (pres. subj. sing. crie; past sing. criede) [OF]
Cristene (n. pl.) CHRISTIANS
crohhe (n.) pot, CROCK, jug [OE]
crokede (adj.) false, treacherous, CROOKED [OE]
crokes (n.) CROOKED behaviors, tricks, deceptions [ON];(n. pl.) clutches, claws [*OE, perhaps ON]
crome (n.) CRUMB, scrap (pl. cromen) [OE]
croppeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) CROPS, trims [from OE]
cros (n.) CROSS (pl. crosses) [ON form; see OF derived creoiz (n.)]
crossith (n., imper. pl.) CROSS, make the sign of the cross [from cros (n.)]
cruchen (v.) to make the sign of the cross; cross (oneself) (past part. i-cruchet) [OE blended with OF]
cruelte (n.) CRUELTY [OF]
crune (n.) CROWN; (fig.) head; highest, topmost person (pl. crunen) [AN]
crunen (v.) to CROWN (pres. 3 sing. cruneth; past part. i-crunet) [AN]
crununge (n.) CROWNING
cubbel (n.) hobble, a block of wood or clog used to hobble livestock [*OE]
cuchene (n.) KITCHEN [OE]
cudde (v., past sing.) see cuthen (v.)
cuggel (n.) CUDGEL [OE]
cul (n.) a blow, stroke [see culle (v.)]
culchen (v.) see gulchen (v.)
culle (v., pres. subj. sing.) strike, hit; to clear out, empty (a pot) [OE; see ModE kill]
culvert (adj.) see cover (adj.)
culvre (n.) dove (gen. sing. culvres) [OE culfre from Lat. columba]
cume (n.) COMING, arrival [OE]
cumen (v.) to COME; kimeth up = arises, develops (imper. sing. cum; imper. pl. cumeth; pres. subj. sing. cume; pres. 3 sing./pl. cumeth, kimeth; pres. pl. cumen; past sing. com, come; past pl. comen; pres. part. cuminde; past part. i-cumen) [OE]
cumplie (n.) see complie (n.)
cun(ne) (n.) KIN, race, family; pedigree; kind, sort (gen. sing. cunnes; pl. cunnes, cunes) [OE]
cunde (n.) nature; characteristic(s), temperament; instincts; class of creatures;
tribe, family, clan; parentage, lineage [OE]
cundel (n.) brood, litter; offspring, young of any animal (pl. cundles) [from OE]
cundelich(e) (adj.) natural, innate; (adv.) naturally, innately, by nature [OE]
cundleth (v. 1, pres. 3 sing./pl.) gives birth to, breeds, brings forth [see cundel (n.)]; (v. 2, pres. 3 sing.) KINDLES, ignites; inflames, excites [ON]
cunfort, cunforz (n.) see confort (n.)
cunnen (v.) CAN, be able, capable; to have mastery, skill; to know, know how to do; connen thank = to be grateful (imper. pl. cunneth; pres. subj. sing. kunne; pres. 1, 3 sing. con; past sing. cuthe; past pl. cuthen) [OE]
cunnes-mon (n.) KINSMAN, relative
cun-redden (n.) family, KINDRED, relative(s); kinship, intimacy (of a household or family) (error for cuth-reden? - see Textual Note to 3.558-59) [late OE]
cunsail (n.) COUNSEL, advice; secret, confidence [OF]
cunsense (n.) CONSENT [OF]
cuple (n.) COUPLE, pair; combination [OF]
cupleth (v., pres. 3 sing.) COUPLES, links, joins (past part. i-cuplet) [OF]
cur(re) (n.) a CUR, OED: "a worthless, low-bred, or snappish dog"; (perhaps) a cowardly dog who only growls but does not bite (?); (adj.) currish, craven [related to ON kurra "to snarl"]
curnles (n. pl.) KERNELS [OE]
cursild (n. pl.) woman given to cursing [see -ild (suffix)] [from OE]
curt, curz (n.) COURT [OF]
curteisie (n.) COURTESY; generosity, nobility [OF]
curtel (n.) tunic, coat, KIRTLE, gown (pl. curtles) [OE cyrtel "tunic"]
cussen (v.) to KISS (pres. subj. sing. cusse; pres. subj. pl. cussen; pres. 3 sing. cusseth; past sing. custe; pres. part. cussinde) [OE]
custe (v., past sing.) see cussen (v.)
cuth(e) (adj.) known, familiar; well-known, famous [OE]
cuthe(n) (v., past) see cunnen (v.)
cuthen (v.) to make known, reveal; show, demonstrate (imper. sing. cuth; pres. 2 sing. cuthest; past 1, 3 sing. cudde; past part. i-cud, i-cuththet) [OE]
cuth-mon (n.) acquaintance, friend [OE; see cuth (adj.)]
cuth-redden (n.) acquaintance, familiarity [cuth (adj.) + OE r�den "state"]
cuththe (n.) knowledge, acquaintance; (collective) acquaintances, friends [OE; ModE kith]
cuththunge (n.) friendship, intimacy; acquaintance [see cuth (adj.)]
cuvel (n.) COWL, hooded garment [OE cufle, from Lat.]
cuvent (n.) CONVENT, community (of monks, nuns, or friars) [AF]
cuvertur (n.) blanket, coverlet [OF]
cwaer (n.) a small book (usually unbound); a gathering of sheets of parchment (for a book) [OF; ModE quire]
cwakien (v.) to QUAKE, tremble (with fear) [OE]
cwalm-hus (n.) house of death [from OE]
cwalm-stowe (n.) place of execution; (lit.) "death-place" [OE]
cweade (adv.) wickedly, evilly [see OE cwead "filth"]
cwe(a)dschipe (n.) wickedness, wicked deed (pl. cweadschipes)
cweise (n.) boil, sore [ON]
cweme(n) (v.) to please, gratify (pres. 3 sing. cwemeth) [OE]
cwen (n.) QUEEN [OE]
cwenchen (v.) to QUENCH, extinguish, put out (a fire); to be extinguished, go out; satisfy, slake (imper. sing. cwench; pres. 3 sing. cwenceth; past part. i-cwenct) [OE]
cwene (n.) lowborn woman, QUEAN; old woman, crone; harlot [OE]
cweth (v., past sing.) spoke [OE; see quoth (v.), the usual form]
cwic, cwike (adj.) alive; lively, QUICK (gen. sing. cwikes; compar. cwikcre) [OE; see ModE phrase the quick and the dead]
cwich (v., tense uncertain) flinch(ed), tremble(d), QUAKED [OE]
cwicliche (adv.) in a lively way, vigorously; rapidly, QUICKLY (compar. cwicluker) [OE]
cwicnesse (n.) vitality, life, quality of being alive
cwiddeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) says [OE]
cwide (n.) legacy, inheritance; promise [OE]
cwitance (n.) freeing, release [OF]
cwite (adj.) free, clear; released, excused [OF]
cwitin (v.) to pay, repay, settle (a debt) [OF]
cyrograffes (n. pl.) (formal) documents; deeds [OF, from Greek chirograph "hand-written"]

dahes (n. pl.) see dei (n.)
dahunge (n.) dawn, DAWNING, daybreak [OE]
dale (n.) part, subdivision, branch; share, (one's due) portion; muche deale = a great deal (adv.) (pl. dalen) [OE; see ModE dole, Ger. teil "part"]
dame (n.) lady (of rank), a professed nun; a mother [OF]
dameiseles (n., gen. sing.) young lady's, of a young, unmarried lady (of rank) [OF]
danger (n.) dominion, subjugation, domineering; power (of a master); power to injure; reluctance, grudging, standoffishness; bad mood, grumpiness; arrogance [OF]
dangerus (adj.) difficult, arrogant, severe; reluctant, standoffish
dayes (n. pl.) see dei (n.)
dead(e) (adj.) DEAD; unfeeling, numb (compar. deaddre) [OE]
dead-bote (n.) amends for an evil DEED; penance, repentance; don deadbote = to do penance [OE; see dede (n.) + bote (n.)]
deade (adj.) DEAD, not living [OE]
deadlich(e) (adv.) DEADLY, mortal [OE]
deadlicnesse (n.) DEADLINESS; mortality
deal (n.) see dale (n.)
deale (interj.) see dele (interj.)
deale(n) (v.) to separate, distinguish; divide, cut up; give away, DEAL or DOLE out, distribute; share, participate in (pres. 1 sing./pl. deale; pres. 3 sing. dealeth; past sing. dealde; past part. i-dealet) [OE; see Ger. teilen "to divide"]
dealen (n. pl.) DALES, valleys [OE]
dear (v.) see durren (v.)
dearne (adj.) secret, hidden [OE]
dearnliche (adv.) in a hidden, unnoticed way; privately, secretly; inwardly, deeply (compar. dearnluker) [OE]
death-uvel (n.) mortal illness, deadly disease
deatte (n.) DEBT (pl. deattes) [OF]
deattur (n.) DEBTOR, a person in debt [OF]
deawes (n., gen. sing.) DEW'S [OE]
deboneire (adj.) meek, gentle; gracious, courteous, well-behaved [OF, from the phrase de bonne aire "of good disposition"]
deboneirte (n.) graciousness, gentleness, courteousness [OF]
deciple (n.) DISCIPLE, pupil (pl. deciples, desciples) [OF]
dede (n.) DEED, action (pl. deden) [OE]
degre (n.) step, a support to kneel on during prayers; (fig.) stage (in a process), step (pl. degrez) [OF, from Lat. de- "down" + gradus "step"]
deh (v.) see duhen (v.)
dehtren (n. pl.) see dohter (n.)
dei (n.) DAY; from deie to deie = from day to day (gen. sing. deies; obj. sing. deie; pl. dahes, dayes) [OE]
deien (v.) to DIE (pres. 3 sing. deieth; past sing. deide; past pl. deiden) [OE]
dei-hwamliche (adj.) DAILY [OE]
dele (interj.) what! (an expression of surprise); Look! See! (used to call attention to something) [origin obscure]
delices (n. pl.) (with sing. meaning) joy, delight, pleasure; sensual pleasure, lust [OF]
delitin (v.) to DELIGHT, take great pleasure in; to please, give pleasure [OF]
delivrede (v., past sing.) DELIVERED, set free (past part. delifret) [OF]
delven (v.) to dig; bury; to gouge by digging; (past part. as adj.) dolven = dug, hollowed out (pres. 3 sing. delveth; past subj. sing. dulve; past pl. dulven; past part. [i-]dolven) [OE]
delvunge (n.) digging, DELVING
deme (n.) judge [OE]
demen (v.) to judge; condemn (imper. sing. dem; imper. pl. demeth; pres. 1 pl. demeth; past sing. demde; past part. i-demet) [OE; ModE deem]
demeori (v., imper. pl.) delay, loiter, pause [OF; ModE demur]
deop(e) (adj.) DEEP; profound [OE]
deopeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) goes DEEP, penetrates [OE]
deopliche (adv.) DEEPLY, profoundly (compar. deopluker) [OE]
deoppre (adv., compar.) DEEPER
deor(e) (adj.) DEAR, beloved; expensive (compar. deorre) [OE]
deore (adv.) DEARLY; expensively, at a high price (compar. deorre)
deores (n., gen. sing.) animal's [OE; see Ger. tier "animal"]
deore-wurthe, deore-werthe (adj.) precious [from OE]
deore-wurthliche (adv.) honorably; precisely
deovel (n.) DEVIL (gen. sing. deofles; pl. deoflen) [OE]
depeint (v., past part.) depicted, PAINTED, portrayed [OF]
derf (n.) trouble, suffering; torture [OE]; (adj.) see derve (adj.)
derfliche (adv.) cruelly, painfully
derve (adj.) bold, daring; audacious, impatient; wicked; powerful; fierce, cruel; difficult, hard to do [OE, prob. influenced by ON]
derven (v.) to afflict, torment, torture; damage, hurt; ben i-dervet = to be distressed (pres. 3 sing./pl. derveth; past part. i-dervet) [OE]
descorde (n.) DISCORD [OF]
descriveth (v., pres. 3 sing.) DESCRIBES, records in writing [OF]
descumfit (v., past part.) defeated, routed, undone [OF]
desesperance (n.) despair, wanhope [OF]
despuilen (v.) to DESPOIL, rob, strip (of clothes) (imper. sing. despoile; past sing. despulede; past part. despuilet) [OF]
dest, deth (v., pres. sing.) see don (v.)
destinctiun (n.) division, section (pl. destinctiuns) [OF]
destruet (v., past part.) ravaged, laid waste, DESTROYED [OF]
desturbin (v.) to DISTURB; destroy, deprive of [OF]
dettur (n.) see deattur (n.)
deu-le-set (interj.) God knows [OF dieu le set "God knows it"]
deveth (v., pres. 3 sing.) plunges or submerges (in water); DIVES [OE]
devot (adj.) DEVOUT, reverent [OF]
devotiun (n.) DEVOTION; feeling of (religious) awe, devotion [OF]
dich (n.) DITCH [OE]
diete (n.) DIET, food; way of life [OF]
diggin (v.) to DIG [OF]
dignete (n.) DIGNITY, nobility, worth [OF]
dimluker (adv., compar.) more faintly, indistinctly [OE]
discepline (n.) DISCIPLINE, correction; self-flagellation; OED: "in religious use, the mortification of the flesh by penance; also, in a more general sense, a beating or other infliction . . . assumed to be salutary to the recipient" (pl. disceplines) [OF, from Lat.]
doddunge (n.) cutting, clipping, trimming (of the hair); tonsuring [see i-doddet (adj.)]
dogge (n.) DOG [OE]
dohter (n.) DAUGHTER (pl. dehtren) [OE]
dolc (n.) wound, scar, gash; hollow or cavity [OE dolg "wound" or ME dalk "hollow"; see Baldwin (1976), p. 274]
dolven(e) (adj. & v., past part.) see delven (v.)
dom (n.) judgment, sentence, condemnation; Last Judgment (obj. sing. dome; pl. domes) [OE; ModE doom]
Domes-dei (n.) DOOMSDAY, Day of Judgment [OE]
domes-mon (n.) a judge [from OE]
dom-seotel (n.) judgment SEAT [from OE]
don (v.) to DO, perform, behave; finish; make, construct; to cause, make (something happen); to place, put, send (pres. subj. sing. do; pres. 3 sing. dest, deth; past 2 sing. dudest; past 3 sing. dude; past pl. duden; past part. i-do, i-don; inflected inf. to donne) [OE]
dosc (adj.) dark, dim, dull, DUSKY; (fig.) obscure [OE]
dotie (v., pres. subj. sing.) might behave foolishly, become silly, rave, lose one's wits [prob. OE]
dragse (v., imper. sing.) DRAG along [ON; see d'Ardenne (1983), p. 21]
drahe(n) (v.) to DRAW, drag, pull; gather, collect (pres. subj. sing. drahe; pres. 2 sing. drahest; pres. 3 sing. draheth; pres. pl. drah (we); past sing. droh; past pl. drohen; pres. part. drahinde; past part. i-drahe[n]) [OE]
drake (n.) dragon, DRAKE [OE, from Lat.]
dreaieth (v. 1, pres. 2 pl.) see drehen (v.); (v. 2, pres. 3 sing., pres. pl.) pulls, tends (toward); suffers, endures [OE, close relative of drahen (v.), perhaps confused with drehen (v.)]
dream (n.) sound (of a bell or trumpet); voice, speaking; noise, din [OE]
dred (n.) DREAD, fear [see dreden (v.)]
dreden (v.) to fear, DREAD, be afraid of (pres. subj. sing. drede; pres. subj. pl. dreden; pres. pl. dredeth; past sing. dredde) [OE]
drehe(n) (v.) to suffer, endure; experience, feel; tolerate (pres. subj. sing. drehe; pres. 3 sing. dreheth; pres. 2, 3 pl. dreheth; past sing. droh) [OE]
dremen (v.) to make a joyful noise, make music [OE]
dreori (adj.) miserable, DREARY; cruel; bloody (? - OE meaning) [OE]
dreori (n.) experience; suffering, misery
drif (v., imper. sing.) see driven (v.)
drihtines (n., gen. sing.) the Lord's [OE]
driven (v.) to DRIVE, force, compel (imper. sing. drif; imper. pl. drive (ye); pres. subj. sing. drive; pres. 2 sing. drivest; pres. 3 sing. driveth; pres. part. drivinde) [OE]
droh(en) (v., past) see drehen (v.) or drahen (v.)
dronc (n.) DRINK [OE]
drope (n.) DROP (pl. dropen) [OE]
drope-mel (n.) DROP by drop, in drops [OE; see ModE piecemeal]
dross (n.) DROSS, impurities [OE]
drue (adj.) DRY [OE]
druerie (n.) love, romantic affection; flirtation, dalliance; love-token, gift [OF]
dru-fot (adj.) DRY-FOOTED, with dry feet [from OE]
druhieth (v., pres. pl.) DRY (something); become dry (past sing. druhede) [from OE]
drunch (n.) DRINK (pl. drunches) [OE]
druncni (v., pres. subj. sing.) drown (pres. pl. druncnith) [*OE]
drunc-wile (adj.) desirous of drink; (n.) drunkard [OE]
drupi (adj.) DROOPY, downcast, sad [ON draupr]
duble (adj.) DOUBLE [OF]
dude(n) (v., past) see don (v.)
dug (n.) DUKE, leader; commander [OF]
duhen (v.) to be good for, serve, be proper, fitting; to thrive (pres. 3 sing. deh) [OE]
dulle (adj.) blunt, DULL [*OE]
dulve(n) (v., past) see delven (v.)
dun (adv.) DOWN [OE]
dun (n.) hill, mountain; -DOWN (in place-names) (pl. dunes) [OE; related to ModE dune]
dune-ward(es), dune-wart (adv.) DOWNWARD; down
dunge (n.) DUNG, manure, filth [OE]
dun-riht (adj.) directly descending; direct, plain, definite, blunt; absolute, thorough, out and out [OE; ModE downright]
dunt(e) (n.) blow, strike; stroke (of a sword), blow (of a hammer) (pl. duntes) [OE]
durren (v., pres. pl.) DARE, are so bold as to (do something) (pres. 1, 3 sing. dear; past sing. durste) [OE]
durste (v.) see durren (v.)
dusi(e) (adj.) foolish, stupid (superlat. dusegest) [OE; ModE dizzy]
dusischipe (n.) stupidity, ignorance, folly [see dusi (adj.)]
dust (n.) DUST [OE]
dusten (v.) to fling, throw, toss, cast; plunge, crash, fall (past subj. sing. duste) [*OE; see d'Ardenne (1961), p. 149]
dusteth (v., pres. 3 sing.) is DUSTY [OE]
dute (n.) DOUBT; fear, apprehension [OF]
duteth (v., pres. 3 sing.) is anxious, afraid; fears, DOUBTS [OF]
dutten (v.) to shut, close; to stop up, plug (a hole) (pres. pl. dutteth; past pl. dutten) [OE]
dweole (n.) deception, trickery; error, wrongdoing; stupor, trance [OE]
dyaloge (n.) dialogues of St. Gregory the Great [OF]

ead-eaweth (v., pres. 3 sing.) appears, reveals (oneself); shows, reveals (past sing. eadewede, edeawde) [OE]
eadi(e) (adj.) blessed, favored (by God); rich, wealthy [OE]
eadiliche (adv.) fortunately, blessedly [see eadi (adj.)]
eadinesse (n.) blessing, happiness (pl. eadinesses) [see eadi (adj.)]
ead-mod(e) (adj.) humble, gentle, meek (gen. sing. eadmodies) [OE; related to eth (adj.) + mode (n.)]
ead-modieth (v., imper. pl.) humble [see ead-mod (adj.)]
ead-modliche (adv.) humbly
ead-modnesse (n.) humility [OE]
eahte (num.) EIGHT [OE]
eahtuthe (adj.) EIGHTH
eairen (n. pl.) eggs [OE]
eal (n.) AWL, shoemaker's tool for punching holes in leather (pl. eawles) [OE]
ealde (n.) age, stage of life (pl. ealdes) [OE]
ealdren (n. pl., orig. compar.) ELDERS [OE]
ealleofte (num.) ELEVENTH [OE]
ealmesse (n.) ALMS, charitable gift; deed of mercy [OE, from Lat.]
eanes (adv.) ONCE [OE]
eani(e) (adj.) ANY; (pron.) any person [OE]
eape (n.) APE [OE]
eape-ware (n.) APE-WARE, counterfeit ware(s)
eappel (n.) APPLE [OE]
ear (adv.) early, soon; before, at an earlier time; rather; (conj. & prep.) before, ERE [OE]
eard (n.) homeland, native place [OE]
eare (n.) EAR (pl. earen) [OE]
eares (n. pl.) EARS (of grain) [OE]
earh (adj.) cowardly, craven; vile, wretched; slothful, sluggish [OE]
earliche (adj. & adv.) EARLY [OE]
earm (adj.) miserable, poor [OE]; (n.) ARM (pl. earmes) [OE]
earmite (n.) HERMIT [OF]
earmliche (adv.) miserably [see earm (adj.)]
earmthes (n. pl.) miseries [OE]
earn (n.) eagle (pl. earnes) [OE]
earowen (n. pl.) see arewen (n.)
earre (adj., compar.) EARLIER, previous, aforementioned; the former (as opposed to the latter) [see ear (adv.)]
earst(e), earest (superlat.) (adj.) first; (adv.) first, at first; on alre earst = first of all [OE; see ear (adv.)]
ear-under (adv.) EARLY in the morning; (perhaps) before tierce, the third liturgical hour [see under (n.)]
earveth (adj.) difficult, hard [OE]
easkeres (n. pl.) ASKERS, questioners (i.e., those who ask or question) [OE]
easki(n) (v.) to ASK, require, demand (pres. subj. sing./pl. easki; imper. pl. easketh; pres. 3 sing. easketh; pres. pl. easkith; past sing. easkede) [OE]
easkunge (n.) ASKING, questioning; request (pl. easkunges)
eatelich(e) (adj.) hideous, repulsive (compar. eateluker) [OE]
eathe (adv.) easily, without difficulty; readily [OE; see eth (adj.)]
eaver, eavre (adv.) EVER, always, constantly [OE]
eaver-euch (adj.) EACH and EVERY, every [OE]
eaw-bruche (n.) adultery; BREACH of marriage [OE �w "law, marriage" + bruche (n.)]
ea-wiht (adv.) at all, to any extent; (pron.) anything [OE]
eawles (n. pl.) see eal (n.)
eawt (adv.) at all, in any way; (pron.) anything, AUGHT [from OE]
ec (adv.) also, as well [OE]
eche (adj.) eternal, everlasting [OE]; (n.) ACHE, pain [see ake (v.)]
eche, echnen, echye (n.) see ehe (n.)
echeliche (adv.) eternally, forever [OE]
echen (v.) to increase, add to (pres. subj. sing. echi; pres. 3 sing. echeth) [OE; related to ec (adv.)]
ec(h)nesse (n.) eternity, eternal nature [OE]
ed- (prefix 1) (with verbs of motion) away, away from; (with verbs of position) at, against [OE]; (prefix 2) see eth- (prefix)
ed (prep.) AT; from, at the hands of [OE]
ed-brec (v., past sing.) BROKE away from, escaped (past pl. edbreken) [from OE]
ed-eawde (v., past sing.) see ead-eaweth (v.)
ed-fallen (v., past part.) fallen (away), dropped [OE]
ed-fleon, et-fleon (v.) to FLEE away, escape from (pres. subj. sing. edfleo; pres. 3 sing. etflith; past pl. edfluhen; past part. edflohe) [OE]
ed-halden (v.) to keep, detain, HOLD back; keep, fix something in mind, understand (pres. 3 sing. edhalt, ethalt [= edhaldeth]; past pl. edheolden) [OE]
ed-lutien (v.) to lurk, hide (from); escape notice (pres. 3 sing. edluteth) [OE]
ed-scene, et-scene (adj.) easily SEEN, plain, clear [OE]
ed-slopen (v., past part.) SLIPPED away (from), vanished [OE]
ed-stearten (v.) to START, get away from, escape (pres. 3 sing. edstearteth; past part. etsteart) [OE]
ed-stonden (v.) to stand firm; resist, withstand (something) (imper. sing. edstont, edstond; pres. 2 sing. edstondest, pres. 3 sing. edstont) [OE]
ed-stuteth (v., pres. pl.) to stop (at), linger [see ed- (prefix 1) and stutten (v.)]
ed-witen (v.) to blame, censure, reproach, criticize (pres. 3 sing. edwit [= edwiteth]) [OE; see witest (v.), ModE twit]
ed-witunge (n.) reproach, blame
efficacies (n. pl.) powers (to effect something); effects [OF]
efne (adj.) even, flat, steady; (adv.) EVEN; evenly, steadily; exactly [OE]
eft (adv.) again, second time; back, back again, in turn; afterwards, then; likewise, moreover; in return, in reply; conversely [OE]
efter (prep.) AFTER; according to; in imitation of; (adv.) afterwards [OE]
efterward(e), efterwart (adv.) AFTERWARDS
egede (adj.) foolish, absurd [OE; see MED egede (n. & adj.)]
egge (n.) EDGE, sharp side of a sword-blade [OE]
eggin (v.) to give an EDGE to; to entice, tempt, incite, EGG on (pres. subj. sing. eggi; pres. 3 sing. eggeth; past sing. egede) [ON]
eggunge (n.) urging, inciting, tempting, EGGING on
ehe (n.) EYE (pl. ehnen, echnen) [OE]
eh-sihthe, ech-sihthe, echye-sihthe (n.) EYESIGHT
eh-thurl (n.) the window of the EYE; eye (pl. ech-thurles) [see ehe (n.) + thurl (n.)]
ei (adj. & pron.) any; any (person) [OE]
eie (n.) fear, awe; anger [OE; ModE awe from ON cognate]
eil (n.) harm, trouble; AILMENT [from OE]
eile (n.) the bristly beard (awn) of barley or other grain [OE]
eilen, eili (v.) to annoy, afflict, trouble (mentally or physically), AIL (pres. subj. sing. eili; pres. 3 sing. eileth) [OE]
eil-thurl (n.) window of pain (with pun on eh-thurl [n.]) (pl. eil-thurles)
eir (n.) AIR [OF]
eise (adj.) at ease, at leisure; able, having opportunity; comfort, having no discomfort [OF]; (n.) EASE, physical comfort, leisure; tranquillity, peace of mind; pleasure, enjoyment; desire, gratification of the flesh; profit, benefit; means, opportunity, ability (to do something) [OF]
eisfule (adj.) horrific, terrifying, frightful [OE; related to eie (n.)]
eisil (n.) vinegar [OF]
either (adj. & pron.) each of two, one or the other (of two), both [OE; ModE either]
either (adv.) also, as well; both [OE]
ek (adv.) see ec (adv.)
el- (prefix) foreign, strange [OE; related ultimately to ModE alien]
elbohen (n. pl.) ELBOWS [OE]
el-heowet (adj.) pale [see el- (prefix) + heowin (v.)]
-(e)les (suffix) a suffix for making nouns out of verbs, or causative nouns from other nouns [OE]
elles (adv.) ELSE, otherwise [OE]
elne (n.) strength, vigor; comfort (in biblical sense) [OE]
elnin (v.) to strengthen, hearten [OE; see elne (n.)]
el-theodie (adj.) foreign (person); (n.) foreigner [OE; see el- (prefix) + theode (n.)]
enbrevet (v., past part.) recorded, inscribed, enrolled [OF]
en-chearre (adv.) once, one time [see sum-chearre (adv.)]
ende (n.) END; toward Englondes ende = toward the end (border) of England [OE]
endeattet (v., past part.) INDEBTED, in debt [OF]
endeles (adj.) ENDLESS, without end [OE]
endin (v.) to END, bring to an end, finish; complete (imper. pl. endith; pres. subj. sing. endi; pres. 3 sing. endeth) [OE]
engel (n.) ANGEL (gen. sing. engles; gen. pl. englene) [OE]
engoni (v., pres. 1 sing.) ENJOIN, impose [OF]
eni (adj. & pron.) see eani (adj. & pron.)
ennu (n.) discomfort, aggravation, vexation [OF; see ModE annoy, ennui]
entente (n.) INTENT, intention; goal (pl. ententes) [OF]
entre-meatin (v.) to busy oneself (reflex.); meddle, INTERFERE (pres. 3 sing. entreme[a]teth) [OF]
eode(n) (v., past) see gan (v.)
eoil(e) (n.) OIL [?blending of OE and OF]
eornen (v.) to RUN (past subj. sing. urne; pres. 3 sing./pl. eorneth; past pl. urnen) [OE]
eorre (adj.) angry, IREFUL; (n.) anger, ire [OE]
eorth(e) (n.) EARTH, ground; dirt [OE]
eorthene (adj.) EARTHEN [*OE]
eorthlich(e) (adj.) EARTHLY, worldly, having to do with worldly (rather than spiritual) matters
eote(n) (v.) to EAT (imper. pl. eoteth; pres. subj. sing. eote; pres. 2 pl. eoteth; past sing. et; past pl. eten; inflected inf. to eotene) [OE]
erede (v., past subj. sing.) plough, would plough [OE; see ModE arable]
erende-beorere (n.) ERRAND-BEARER, messenger
eritage (n.) inheritance, legacy; HERITAGE [OF]
ernde (n.) message, ERRAND; petition [OE]; (v., imper. sing.) obtain (by intercession), grant [OE]
erveth (adj.) see earveth (adj.)
eschif (adj.) skittish, easily startled, frightened [OF; ModE eschew (adj.)]
esken (n. pl.) ASHES [ON]
eski-bah (n.) ASH-stirrer, hearth-tender, (perhaps with an insulting overtone) lackey [origin of -bah is obscure; see MED, Zettersten (1965), pp. 28-29, Turville-Petre (1969), pp. 156-58]
essample (n.) EXAMPLE, exemplum, illustrative story [OF]
essinien (v.) to excuse (reflex.); avoid, withdraw from [OF; MED essoinen]
est (n.) the EAST [from OE]
estat (n.) ESTATE, status, (social) position; state, condition (pl. estaz) [OF]
este (n.) delight, pleasure, indulging, gratification; favor, grace [OE]
esteliche (adv.) luxuriously, indulgently [see este (n.)]
esten (adv.) EASTERLY; bi esten = to the east
est-ful(e) (adj.) pleasure-seeking, picky, fastidious with food; delicate, delectable (compar. estfulre) [OE]
estoires (n. pl.) stories, narratives, HISTORIES [OF]
et- (prefix) see ed- (prefix 1)
et (prep.) see ed (prep.)
eth- (prefix) easy, easily [OE]
eth (adj.) comforting, agreeable; easy, not difficult; (adv.) easily, readily [OE]
et-halt (v., pres. 3 sg.) see ed-halden (v.)
ethele (adj.) noble, excellent, famous; innate, natural [OE]
ethelich (adj.) insignificant, slight; weak, frail, humble [OE]
etheliche (adv.) easily, readily [OE]
eth-fele (adj.) easy to feel [see eth- (prefix) and felen (v.)]
eth-hurte (adj.) EASILY hurt, sensitive, thin-skinned [see eth- (prefix.) and hurten (v.)]
ethre (n.) blood-vessel, vein (pl. ethren) [OE; see Ger. ader]
eth-warpe (adj.) easy to overthrow, tottering [see eth- (prefix) + warpen (v.)]
et-steart (v., past part.) see ed-stearten (v.)
euch(e), euc (adj. & pron.) EACH (gen. sing. euches) [OE]
euch-an (pron.) EACH ONE (gen. sing. euchanes) [from OE]
even (n.) EVENING [OE]
evene (n.) nature, character, kind; ability, capacity, resources; occasion, cause [OE, from ON efni "material"]
eveneth (v., imper. pl.) compare, liken; makes level, smooth; moderate; make equal, treat as equal (pres. 3 sing. eveneth; pres. pl. evenith; past part. i-evenet) [OE]
even-song (n.) EVENSONG, Vespers (one of the canonical hours) [OE]
even-tid (n.) EVENINGTIDE, evening time [OE]
evenunge, evening (n.) comparison; alignment, adjustment; equal, peer [see eveneth (v.)]
evesede (v., past sing.) trimmed, clipped the hair (of a person) (past part. i-eveset) [OE]
evesunge (n.) roof edge or EAVES of a building; trimming or clipping (of the hair); clippings [OE; ModE fringe can also mean a border or "bangs" of hair]
Ewangeliste (n.) the Evangelist, one of the Gospel writers [OF]
ewt (adv. & pron.) see eawt (adv. & pron.)

fa (n.) FOE, enemy (gen. sing. faes; pl. fan, van) [OE]
fahenunge (n.) FAWNING, servile flattery; OED: "Of an animal, especially a dog: To show delight or fondness (by wagging the tail, whining, etc.) as a dog does" [from OE]
failede (v., past sing.) FAILED, lost power or strength; fell short of, did not obtain [OF]
fal (n.) FALL, downfall [OE]
faleweth (v., pres. 3 sing.) loses color, turns yellow or brown; fades or withers [OE]
fallen (v.) to FALL (down); fall spiritually; to die; to fall upon (someone, as a responsibility); to start, enter upon; to be comprised (of), pertain to; to be necessary, fitting; to fall to, come to (imper. pl. falleth; pres. subj. sing. falle; past subj. sing. feolle; pres. 3 sing./pl. falleth; past sing. feol; pres. part. fallinde; past part. i-fallen) [OE]
fallunge (n.) FALLING, a falling down
falsi (v., pres. subj. sing.) may deceive, pretend; cause to fail, break down; fail, give way, show weakness (pres. pl. falsith; pres. part. falsinde) [OF]
falsliche (adv.) FALSELY, dishonestly
fame (n.) (good) reputation, FAME [OF]
fa-men, va-men (n. pl.) FOE-MEN, enemies [OE]
familiarite (n.) intimacy, fellowship, closeness; faithful service, fidelity to a superior [OF, from Lat. familia "household, family"]
fawtes (n. pl.) FAULTS, imperfections [OF]
feahede (v., past sing.) adorned [ON f�gja "to polish, cleanse"]
fealh (v., past sing.) see feleth (v.)
fearen (v.) to FARE, get along, live; travel, go, proceed; depart, escape (pres. 3 sing./pl. feareth; past part. i-fearen) [OE]
fearlac (n.) FEAR, terror [from OE]
fearlich (adj.) FEARFUL, dreadful, terrifying
fearliche (adv.) suddenly, unexpectedly; astoundingly, wonderfully [OE]
feaste (n. 1) feasting, entertainment; FEAST, celebration; a saint's feast day or church holiday; rejoicing, joy, maken feaste = to make merry [OE]; (n. 2) FAST, an act of fasting, going without food (pl. feasten) [prob. ON]; (adv.) FAST, firmly; steadily, diligently; quickly (compar. feastluker) [OE]
feasten (v. 1) to FAST, go without food; to fast on bread and water or a restricted diet of some kind (imper. pl. feaste (ye); pres. 2 pl. veasteth; past pl. feasten) [OE]; (v. 2) to make FAST, bind; settle, conclude (past part. i-feast) [OE]
feastre (n.) ulcer, sore [OF; ModE fester]
feat, fette (n.) VAT, cask [OE]
featte (adj.) FATTENED [OE]
feattin (v.) to FATTEN, make fat, grow fat (pres. 3 sing. featteth; past part. i-featted) [OE]
feayeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see feieth (v.)
feblesce (n.) FEEBLENESS, weakness, infirmity [OF]
febli (v., pres. subj. sing.) to grow FEEBLE, to weaken
fecchen (v.) to FETCH, bring [OE]
fede(n) (v.) to FEED, serve food to; suckle, nurse; sustain, support; nurture, rear, bring up (imper. sing. fed; pres. 3 sing. fedeth, fet; past sing. fedde; past part. i-fed) [OE]
feh (n.) property, possessions, wealth; livestock [OE; ModE fee]
feherest(e) (adj.) see feier (adj.)
feht (n.) FIGHT, warfare, battle (obj. sing. fehte) [OE]
fehten (v.) to FIGHT, do battle; strive (pres. 3 sing./pl. fehteth; past pl. fuhten) [OE]
fehtunge (n.) FIGHTING
feier(e), feir(e) (adj.) FAIR, beautiful; pleasant; proper (superlat. feherest[e]) [OE]
feiernesse (n.) FAIRNESS, beauty, attractiveness
feieth (v., pres. 3 sing.) joins, binds together; links, associates, allies (past part. i-feiet, i-veiet) [OE]
fein (adv.) gladly, willingly, FAIN [OE]
feire (adv.) beautifully, pleasantly; clearly, properly, completely [OE]
fel (n.) FELL, skin, hide (pl. felles) [OE]
feld (n.) FIELD, meadow, pasture [OE]
felde (v., past sing.) see felen (v.)
felen (v.) to FEEL, experience; detect (pres. 2 sing. felest; pres. 3 sing. feleth, veleth; past sing. felde; past part. i-felet) [OE]
feleth (v., pres. 3 sing.) gets, enters into (pres. 3 sing. feleth; past sing. fealh) [OE]
fen (n.) mud, muck; FEN [OE]
fenniliche (adv.) muckily, muddily; (fig.) vilely, sinfully, miserably [OE; see fen (n.)]
feol (adj.) cruel, fierce, FELL [OF, related to ModE felon]; (v., past sing.) see fallen (v.)
feolahe (n.) FELLOW, companion, friend, equal; (in a negative sense) accomplice (pl. feolahes) [late OE, from ON]
feolahlich (adj.) companionable, friendly; "brotherly"
feolahliche (adv.) companionably, in a friendly way
feolah-re(a)dden (n.) fellowship, companionship, company [from feolahe (n.) + OE r�den "condition"]
feolahschipe (n.) FELLOWSHIP, companionship, society
feole (adj.) many, much; (adv.) to a great extent, much; (n.) many [OE; see Ger. viel "much"]
feole-valde (adj.) various, manifold [from OE]
feole-weis (adv.) in many WAYS
feolle (v.) see fallen (v.)
feond (n.) enemy; the devil, the FIEND (gen. sing. feondes) [OE]
feondschipe (n.) enmity, hostility [OE]
feor (n.) price [OF]
feor (adj.) FAR, distant; (adv.) FAR, afar; of feor = some distance away, apart [OE]
feorli(ch) (adj.) strange, marvelous, astounding; (n.) something astounding, a wonder, marvel [OE]
feorren (adv.) from AFAR, from a distance; far away [OE]
feorrene (adj.) FAR away, distant
feorthe (adj. & n.) FOURTH [OE]
ferd(e) (n.) army; company, troop, multitude (pl. ferdes) [OE]
fere (adj.) sound, strong [ON]; (n.) companion, friend, partner, comrade (pl. feren) [OE]
ferhen (v.) to FARROW, give birth (to piglets) (past part. i-ferhet) [from OE]
ferien (v.) to FERRY, transport, convey; (in a boat) [OE]
ferliche (adv.) see fearliche (adv.)
fer-redden (n.) companionship, fellowship [see fere (n.) + r�den "condition"]
fersch (adj.) fresh, eager [OE]
feste (adv.) see feaste (adv.)
festnith (v., imper. pl.) FASTEN, make firm; bind; settle, conclude, make (an agreement) (past part. i-festned, -et) [OE]
festschipe (n.) parsimony, stinginess (gen. sing. festschipes) [from OE]
feth (v., pres. 3 sing.) begins, starts to (often with on); seizes, takes (pres. pl. foth) [OE; see Ger. anfangen]
fetherin (v.) to load, weigh down, burden; charge (with meaning) (pres. 1 sing. fetheri; past part. i-fetheret) [see fother (n.)]
fetles (n.) vessel, container [OE]
fette (n.) see feat (n.)
fevre (n.) FEVER [prob. OF]
fier (n.) fig tree, tree of genus ficus [OF]
fif (adj. & num.) FIVE [OE]
fifte (adj.) FIFTH [OE]
fiftene (adj.) FIFTEEN
fifti (num.) FIFTY
figures (n. pl.) forms, shapes, FIGURES [OF]
fikele (adj.) treacherous, deceitful [OE]
fikelere (n.) flatter; traitor, deceiver (gen. sing. fikeleres) [OE]
fikeleth (v., pres. 3 sing.) flatters, deceives, beguiles [OE]
fikelunge (n.) flattery, (pleasing) deception
fiketh (v., pres. 3 sing.) flatters, deceives; fawns (on) (pres. part. fikiende) [from OE]
file (n.) FILE [OE]
fileth (v., pres. 3 sing.) FILES, scrapes away, smoothes (past part. i-filet) [from OE]
finden (v.) to FIND, discover (past subj. sing. funde; pres. 3 sing. fint; pres. 1 pl. finde [we], findeth; pres. pl. findeth; past sing. fond; past pl. funden; past part. i-funde[n]) [OE]
firsi (v., pres. subj. sing.) forsake, distance one's self from, flee, stay away; remove (pres. 3 sing. firseth) [OE; related to ModE far]
fisistien (n.) PHYSICIAN (pl. fisistiens) [OF, from Lat.]
fite-rokes (n. pl.) ragged upper garments [from ME fittered "ragged" + OE rocc "over-garment"]
fitheren (n. pl.) FEATHERS [blend of two OE words]
five (adj. & num.) see fif (adj. & num.)
flaa (n.) arrow [OE]
flaski (v., pres. subj. sing.) splash, sprinkle (pres. 3 sing. flasketh) [OF]
fleah (v., past sing.) see fleon (v. 2)
fleaw (v., past sing.) see floyen (v.)
flehe (n.) FLY (the insect); perhaps also FLEA [OE fleah] (pl. flehen) [OE]
fleon (v. 1) to FLY; fly (from), flee (imper. sing. flih; past subj. sing. fluhe; pres. 3 sing. flith; past sing. fleh; past pl. fluhen; pres. part. fleonninde) [OE; forms confused with fleon (v. 2)]; (v. 2) to FLEE; escape (imper. sing. fleo; pres. 3 sing. fleoth; past sing. fleah; past pl. fluhen; past part. i-flohe[n]) [OE]
fleos (n.) FLEECE [OE]
fleotinde (v., pres. part. as adj.) floating, wandering; flowing, in constant motion [OE; ModE fleet]
fles(ch) (n.) FLESH, the body; the carnal (as opposed to the spiritual) (gen. sing. flesches) [OE]
fleschlich(e), flesliche (adj.) FLESHLY, carnal, bodily
fleschliche (adv.) carnally, bodily, in the flesh
flesch-wise (adj.) FLESHly, carnal, concerned with the body
flih, flith (v.) see fleon (v. 1)
flikereth (v., pres. 3 sing.) trifles, toys (with); flutters, behaves frivolously [OE flicorian "to flutter"]
flint (n.) FLINT, a very hard stone [OE]
floc (n.) FLOCK, herd; group of people; host, squadron; gang (of evil spirits) [OE]
flow- (v.) see floyen (v.)
floyen (v.) to flow (with liquid); proceed (pres. 3 sing. floweth; past sing. fleaw; past pl. flowen; pres. part. flowinde) [OE]
fluht (n.) FLIGHT, escape, fleeing (obj. sing. [on] fluhte) [OE]
flures (n. pl.) FLOWERS, blossoms [OF]
fluthrunges (n. pl.) flirtings; flutterings, "unseemly movements" [perhaps imitative] (Zettersten [1965], p. 134)
flutrunge (n.) unseemly movement, flirting (?); FLITTING about [ON]
flutte(n) (v.) to live by, survive on (usually with bi "BY, on") [ON]
foddre (n.) FODDER, food for livestock [OE]
fode (n.) FOOD, sustenance [OE]
fol (adj.) sinful, evil; foolish [OF]; (n.) simpleton, silly person, FOOL (pl. foles) [OF]
fol-hardi (adj.) FOOLHARDY
folhere (n.) FOLLOWER
folhi(n) (v.) to FOLLOW, imitate; pursue (imper. sing. folhe; pres. 3 sing. folheth; pres. pl. folhith; past sing. folhede, fulede) [OE]
folliche (adv.) foolishly [see fol (adj.)]
fond (v., past sing.) see finden (v.)
fondin (v.) to test, try; tempt, test; find out, discover, experience; to concern, busy oneself about (imper. pl. fondin; pres. 1 sing. fondi; pres. 3 sing. fondeth; pres. pl. fondith; past sing. fondede; past pl. fondeden; past part. i-fondet, -ed) [OE]
fondunge (n.) temptation; testing, trying (pl. fondunges)
for- (prefix) adds 1) a pejorative emphasis to a word, often implying destruction or fragmentation, or 2) the sense of forward movement or advancing, 3) the idea of being ahead of or BEFORE something, 4) a general intensifying effect, like the adv. very
for (adv.) BEFOREHAND, previously; forward (in space or time) [OE]
for-bearneth (v., pres. 3 sing.) BURNS up, is consumed by fire (past part. forbearnd[e]) [OE]
for-beode (v., pres. subj. sing.) FORBID, prohibit, make impossible (pres. 1 sing. forbeode; past sing. forbeot; past part. forbode) [OE]
for-beoren (v.) to be patient, FORBEAR, put up with; to avoid, shun (pres. subj. pl. forbeoren; pres. 3 sing. forbereth; past sing. forber) [OE]
for-bisne (n.) example, pattern; precedent; parable, lesson, exemplum; symbol, omen (pl. forbisne) [OE]
for-bod (n.) prohibition, a FORBIDDING [OE]
for-bode(n) (adj., orig. past part.) FORBIDDEN [see for-beode (v.)]
for-buhen (v.) to escape; stop, refrain from; shun, avoid, disobey (pres. 3 sing. forbuheth; past pl. [ye] forbuhe) [OE]
for-culiende (v., pres. part.) charring, blackening (by heat) (past part. forculet) [origin obscure]
for-dede (n.) service, favor; DEED done FOR someone [OE; MED for(e)-dede]
for-demet (v., past part.) condemned, judged, DOOMED [OE]
for-don (v.) to destroy, undo, do away with (inflected inf. to fordonne)
for-druhede (adj. & v., past part.) DRIED up, withered [see druhieth (v.)]
for-drunke (adj. & v., past part.) very drunk, addicted to drink [OE]
fore (adv.) beforehand [OE]
fore-cwiddre (n.) prophet, foreteller [from OE; see fore (adv.) + cwiddeth (v.)]
for-eoden (v., past pl.) see for-gan (v.)
fore-ridles (n. pl.) FORE-RIDER, one who rides ahead, messenger; forerunner, pre-cursor; preliminary [from OE]
foreward (n.) agreement, pact [OE]
for-feareth (v.) perishes, is destroyed; goes to waste; goes astray, is mislead (past pl. forferden; pres. part. forfearinde) [OE]
for-fret (v., pres. 3 sing. [= forfreteth]) devours, gobbles up (past pl. forfreten) [from OE]
for-gan (v.) to FORGO, go without, omit; refuse, avoid (imper. pl. forgath; pres. 3 sing. forgeath; pres. pl. forgath; past pl. foreoden) [OE]
for-gneaieth (v., pres. 3 sing.) GNAWS up, away [OE]
for-gult(e) (adj., orig. past part.) (made) GUILTY, convicted with sin [OE]
for-hate (v.) to renounce [OE]
for-heaved (n.) FOREHEAD [OE]
for-hohien (v.) to neglect, disregard; despise, scorn, reject (imper. sing. forhohie; pres. 3 sing. forhoheth) [OE]
for-horin (v.) to WHORE around, prostitute (oneself); commit adultery (pres. subj. sing. forhori; past part. forhoret) [from OE]
for-hwi (adv.) WHY, for what reason, for which cause; (conj.) because, provided that [OE]
for-hwon (conj.) why, for what reason; for-hwon thet = provided that, as long as [see hwon (conj.)]
for-idelet (adj., orig. past part.) ruined by idleness [from OE]
for-keastunge (n.) rejection, casting away [OE + ON]
for-keorven (v.) to cut out, CARVE away (pres. subj. sing. forkeorve) [OE]
for-leavet (v., past part.) LEFT behind, abandoned [OE]
for-leosen (v.) to LOSE; destroy; (past part. as adj.) forloren = lost, damned (imper. sing. forleosen; pres. 3 sing./pl. forleoseth; past 2 sing. forlure; past 3 sing. forleas; past part. forloren[e]) [OE]
for-leten (v.) to abandon, forsake, give up [OE]
for-lorenesse (n.) perdition, destruction
forme (adj.) first [OE]
for-roteth (v., pres. 3 sing.) ROTS away, putrefies, goes bad [OE]
for-saken (v.) to renounce, refuse; FORSAKE, abandon (pres. subj. sing. forseke; past 2 subj. sing. forsoke; pres. 2 sing. forsakest; pres. 3 sing. forsaketh; past part. forsaken) [OE]
for-scaldet (v., past part.) SCALDED severely, or to death; destroyed by scorching [OF; see scaldinde (adj.)]
for-schuppeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) MISSHAPES, transforms; degrades, perverts (past part. for-schuppet) [OE]
for-schuppilt (n.) sorceress, one who transforms or deforms [see forschuppeth (v.) and -ild (suffix)]
for-seothen (v., pres. subj. pl.) scald, boil to death [OE; ModE seethe]
for-stoppith (v., imper. pl.) STOP, block up [*OE]
for-swolhen (v.) to devour, SWALLOW up (pres. 3 sing. forswolheth) [OE]
for-te, for-to (inf. marker) TO, in order to; (lit.) FOR TO
forth (adv.) forward (in time, place, or sequence); further; out (into view), away, out of doors; to an advanced point, far in (compar. forthluker) [OE]
forthe (adj.) away, gone [OE]
fortheth (v., pres. 3 sing.) FURTHERS, encourages, advances (past part. i-forthet; i-vorthet) [OE]
forth-fearen (v., past part.) FARED FORTH, passed on, departed; (fig.) dead [OE]
for-thi (adv. & conj.) therefore, for this reason; for-thi thet = (conj.) because; to the end that
forth-marhen (n.) late morning, i.e., advanced time in the morning [OE elements]
forthre (compar.) (adj.) before someone/ something in rank, position; more extended, advanced, FURTHER along; (adv.) to a greater extent, more; (of time) later; moreover [compar. of forth (adv.)]
forth-riht (adv.) immediately, straight away; directly forward [from OE]
forth-ward (adv.) from then on, from that time FORWARD; continually [OE]
forth-yong (n.) progress, advance, course; a GOING FORTH [OE]
for-warpe (v.) to throw off, cast off, reject (pres. 3 sing. forwarpeth; past part. forwarpe[n]) [OE]
for-weolewet (v., past part.) faded, withered [from OE]
for-wreiet (v., past part.) accused, charged (with a crime); handed over [OE]
for-wurthe(n) (v.) to degenerate into (something); to perish, die, be destroyed; become feeble, useless (pres. 3 sing./pl. forwurtheth; past part. forwurthen) [OE]
for-yef (v., imper. sing.) FORGIVE (pres. 3 sing. foryeveth)
for-yelde (v., pres. subj. sing.) repay, recompense [OE]
for-yeme (v.) to disregard, neglect (pres. 3 sing. foryemeth) [OE]
for-yeoten (v.) to FORGET (pres. 3 sing. foryeoteth, foryeteth, foryet; past pl. foryeten; past part. foryete[n]) [OE]
for-yevelich (adj.) FORGIVABLE
for-yevenesse (n.) FORGIVENESS [OE]
for-yeveth (v., pres. 3 sing.) see for-yef (v.)
fostreth (v., pres. 3 sing.) FOSTERS, nourishes, supports (past sing. fostrede) [OE]
fostrilt (n.) nurse, fosteress [see fostreth (v.) and -ild (suffix)]
fot (n.) FOOT (gen. sing. fotes; pl. fet, vet) [OE]
foth (v., pres. pl.) see feth (v.)
fother (n.) a cart-load; fig., a large amount; heavy weight, burden; crowd [OE]
fot-wunde (n.) FOOT WOUND (pl. fot-wunden)
fowr (adj.) FOUR [OE]
fowre (num.) FOUR
frakel(e) (adj.) vile, foul, wretched, worthless [OE]
freame (n.) benefit, profit, advantage; don freame = to do good (to someone) [OE]
freamien (v.) to help, aid, advance (someone); strengthen (someone) (pres. 3 sing. freameth) [OE]
frech (adj.) bold, impudent [OE]
frechliche (adv.) greedily; eagerly; boldly, fiercely [OE]
freini (v., pres. subj. sing.) make an inquiry; ask, request (imper. pl. freinith; pres. 3 sing. freineth) [OE; see Ger. fragen]
fremede (adj.) strange, unfamiliar [OE; see Ger. fremd "strange"]
freo (adj.) FREE; noble, generous (superlat. freoest) [OE]
freolec (n.) freedom (from servitude); nobility of character: kindness, generosity [OE]
freond (n.) FRIEND (gen. sing. freondes; pl. freond) [OE]
freondin (v.) to gain friends, befriend (someone) [from freond (n.)]
freoten (v., pres. subj. pl.) to eat, gobble up, devour (used mainly for animals); chew up, gnaw (pres. 3 sing. fret [= freteth]) [OE; see Ger. fressen]
freote-wil (adj.) ravenous, desirous of devouring
freres (n. pl.) FRIARS, brothers [OF]
Fridei (n.) FRIDAY (pl. Fridahes) [OE]
Fri-niht (n.) the NIGHT before Good FRIDAY; the night of Good Friday [OE]
from (adv.) away, apart [OE]
frommard (adj.) contrary, different (to, from = obj.) [OE]; (adv.) opposite; (of location) away to, away from; away at a distance, turned away; (of time) onward; (prep.) away from, out of, from; different from, contrary to [OE]
frommardschipe (n.) difference, contrariness, willfulness [see frommard (adj.)]
frotunge (n.) rubbing, polishing; working (of a metal by rubbing) [from OF froter "to rub"]
frovre (n.) comfort, encouragement (pl. frovren) [OE]
frovrin (v.) to comfort, encourage, cheer, help (imper. pl. frovrith; pres. subj. sing. frovri; pres. 3 sing. frovreth) [OE]
frumthe (n.) beginning, start; beginning (of the world), creation; early times [OE]
frut (n.) FRUIT [OF]
fuhel (n.) FOWL, bird (pl. fuheles; gen. pl. fuhelene) [OE]
fuhten (v., past pl.) see fehten (v.)
ful(e) (adj.) FOUL, dirty, nasty; wicked, evil, guilty; dishonest; convicted (compar. fulre; superlat. fuleste) [OE]
ful (adv.) fully, completely; very, quite; (with numbers) exactly [OE]
fulde (v., past sing.) FILLED [OE]
fule (v., imper. sing.) BEFOUL, besmirch, make dirty, filthy (pres. 3 sing. fuleth; past pl. fuleden; past part. i-fulet) [OE]
fule, fulle (adv.) FOULLY, disgustingly; badly; disgracefully, obscenely; insultingly [OE] ful-itohe(n) (adj., orig. past part.) badly disciplined, instructed, brought up; ill-mannered; careless, badly executed (pl. ful-itohene) [see fule (adv.) and teoth (v.)]
ful-itoheliche (adv.) ill-mannerly, in an undisciplined way
fulle (adv.) see fule (adv.)
fulle(n) (v.) to FILL, satisfy; fulfill, accomplish, complete (pres. 3 sing. fulleth; past sing. fulde; past part. i-fullet) [OE]
fulleliche (adv.) FULLY, completely [OE]
fulliche (adv.) FOULLY, in a dirty, nasty way
fulluht (n.) baptism [OE]
fulthe (n.) FILTH, filthiness, impurity, nastiness, vileness, corruption (pl. fulthen) [OE]
funde(n) (v.) see finden (v.)
fundles (n.) discovery; invention, innovation; windfall, treasure trove; (pl.) deeds, devices invented by the mind [OE; see finden (v.) + -(e)les (suffix)]
fur (n.) FIRE; Grickish fur = "Greek fire," burning liquid used as a military weapon (obj. sing. fure; gen. sing. fures) [OE]
furene (adj.) FIERY, burning [OE]
furme (adj. & adv.) first, earliest [OE]; (n.) FORM, shape, likeness, image [OF]
furthreth (v., pres. 3 sing.) FURTHERS, encourages [OE]
fustes (n. pl.) FISTS [OE]

gabbeth (v., pres. 3 sing.) mocks, scoffs [OF]
gal(e) (adj.) bitter, filled with GALL or bile [OE]
galle (n.) GALL; intensely bitter substance; (fig.) bitterness [OE]
galnesse (n.) lasciviousness, lust, lechery (gen. sing. galnesses) [OE]
gan (v.) to GO, walk (imper. sing. ga; imper. 2 sing. geast [tu]; imper. pl. gath; pres. subj. sing. ga; pres. 1 sing. ga; pres. 3 sing. geath; pres. pl. gath; past sing. eode; past pl. eoden; past part. i-gan) [OE]
garces (n. pl.) cuts, gashes [OF]
gast, geast (n.) spirit, soul (as opposed to the body); Hali Gast = the Holy Spirit, third person of the Trinity (gen. sing. gastes; pl. gastes) [OE]
gastelich(e) (adj.) spiritual, (GHOSTLY) [OE]
gat (n.) GOAT (pl. geat) [OE]
gate (n.) GATE, entryway to a house [OE]
gate-heorden (n. pl.) GOATHERDS
gavel (n.) usury, lending at interest; accrued interest; rent, payment; tribute, tax [OE gafol "tribute"]
geal-forke (n.) GALLOWS-FORK, a fork-shaped stake used as a gallows [from OE]
gealstrith (v., pres. pl.) barks, yelps; (MED mistakenly defines as "stinks"; see its entry for gelstren) [related to OE galan "to sing, cry out"]
gealunge (n.) pleasure [*OE]
gederin (v.) to join, unite; GATHER, collect; accumulate, acquire; gederinde (pres. part. as adj.) = acquisitive, grasping (imper. sing. gedere; pres. 1 sing. gederi; pres. 2 sing. gederest; pres. 3 sing. gedereth; pres. pl. gederith; past pl. gedereden; pres. part. gederinde; past part. i-gederet) [OE]
gederunge (n.) acquisition, accumulating (of wealth); GATHERING
geineth (v., pres. 3 sing.) GAINS; is of use, help [ON]
gelus(e) (adj.) JEALOUS; vigilant in guarding [OF]
gelusie (n.) JEALOUSY; zeal, vigilance in guarding (something) [OF]
general (adj.) GENERAL, not specific or limited, blanket [OF]
genterise (n.) nobility; graciousness, generosity; courtesy [OF]
gentil(e) (adj.) GENTLE, noble, of high birth; generous, kind [OF]
gentilliche (adv.) nobly, delicately, elegantly, exquisitely
gersum (n.) treasure, (valued) possessions or gift [OE, from ON]
gestnin (v.) to lodge, be a GUEST, stay as a guest (past sing. gestnede) [OE influenced by ON]
gestnunges (n. pl.) banquets, feasts; entertainments, lodging of guests, hospitalities [ON]
gigge (n.) a flighty, giddy girl (or boy); a coquette, flirt [imitative: gigge "something that whirls"; perhaps related to F. gigue "gawky young woman"]
gile (n.) GUILE, deceit [OF]
gingivre (n.) GINGER [OE gingifer, from Lat.]
giste (n.) lodging(s); guest [OE]
give-gaven (n. pl.) playthings, toys; GEWGAWS; fig., something trivial, worthless [a reduplication, orig. obscure]
Giwerie (n.) JEWISH quarter or district [OF]
glead(e) (adj.) GLAD, happy [OE]
gleadful(e) (adj.) GLAD, joyful (compar. gleadfulre)
gleadien (v.) to gladden, make glad, happy (imper. pl. gleadieth; pres. subj. sing. gleadie)
gleadliche (adv.) GLADLY, happily; willingly; gleadluker = more gladly, willingly, happily, etc. (compar. gleadluker)
gleadluker (adv.) see gleadliche (adv.)
gleadschipe (n.) gladness
gleadunge (n.) GLADDENING, joy
gleam (n.) brilliant light, GLEAM, flash, ray (pl. gleames) [OE]
gleden (n. pl.) live coals, embers [OE]
gleo (n.) entertainment, sport; mirth, joy; mockery, jest [OE; ModE glee]
gleowde (v., past sing.) made merry, enjoyed oneself; played (music), sang [OE; see gleo (n.)]
gles (n.) GLASS [OE]
gloire (n.) GLORY; (fig.) heaven [OF]
gloven (n. pl.) GLOVES [OE]
gluccheth (v., pres. 3 sing.) gulps down [*OE]
gluffeth (v., pres. 2 pl.) skip over, say wrongly [origin obscure - see MED gliffen (v.)]
gneat (n.) GNAT [OE]
gnedeliche (adv.) barely, frugally; miserly [*OE]
gnedure (adj., compar.) more frugal, more sparing [see gnedeliche (adv.)]
gnuddin (v.) to rub, scratch; crush, bruise (past pl. gnuddeden) [OE, from ON]
god (n.) GOOD, benefit; goods, wealth [OE]
god(e) (adj.) GOOD (old fem. obj. sing. goder - see heale [n.]) [OE]
Godd (n.) GOD (gen. sing. Godes) [OE]
god-dede (n.) a GOOD DEED (pl. god-deden) [OE; see Shepherd, p. 56n22/6]
Godd-head (n.) GODHEAD, divinity [OE]
godin (v.) to make GOOD, improve, better; to do good to, to benefit (a person) (past part. i-godet) [from god (adj.)]
godlec (n.) GOODNESS, kindness [ON]
Godspell (n.) GOSPEL, one of the four New Testament gospels (pl. Goddspelles) [OE]
gold-hord, golt-hord (n.) HOARD of GOLD, treasure (gen. sing. golt-hortes) [OE]
gold-smith, golt-smith (n.) GOLDSMITH [OE]
gomen (n.) joy, happiness; entertainment, revelry, music; athletic contest, GAME, bout (pl. gomenes) [OE]
gomnede (v., past sing.) played, sported, amused oneself (sometimes in a sexual sense) [from OE; see gomen (n.)]
gong-hus (n.) going-HOUSE, outhouse, toilet [from OE]
gong-men (n. pl.) toilet attendants
gong-thurl (n.) going-hole, toilet hole
granin (v.) to GROAN (pres. part. graninde) [OE]
grant (n.) GRANTING, consent; admission [OF]
grapi (v., pres. subj. sing.) feel, touch; handle, treat; probe, examine (pres. 3 sing. grapeth) [OE; ModE grope]
grapunge (n.) touching, feeling; caressing, fondling; questioning, probing [OE]
grea-hunz (n. pl.) GREYHOUNDS [OE]
greaste (adj.) see great (adj.)
great(e) (adj.) GREAT, large; coarse, rough (i.e., not fine); (pejorative) disgraceful, wicked; dangerous; haughty, insolent; (superlat.) greaste = GREATEST (compar. greattre, greatluker; superlat. greaste) [OE]
greatin (v.) to make GREAT, enlarge [OE]
greatluker (adj., compar.) see great (adj.)
greden (v.) to cry out, shout; wail; announce, publish (with a loud voice) (imper. sing. gred; pres. subj. sing. grede; pres. 3 sing. gredeth; past sing. gredde; past pl. gredden) [OE]
gredi (adj.) voracious, gluttonous, ravenous; GREEDY (for money) (compar. grediure?) [OE influenced by ON]
gref (n.) suffering, hardship, GRIEF [OF]
greie (adj.) GRAY [OE]
greithe (adj.) ready, prepared, willing; dressed, attired; skilled, informed; plain, direct; wealthy, powerful [ON]
greithede (v., past sing.) prepared, made ready (past part. i-greithet) [ON]
gremien (v.) to enrage, provoke (pres. 3 sing. gremeth) [OE]
grene (adj.) GREEN [OE]; (n.) GREEN foliage [OE]
greneth (v., pres. 3 sing.) GREENS, grows green [OE]
grennin (v.) to gnash the teeth, grimace; GRIN [OE]
grennunge (n.) grimacing, GRINNING [OE]
greot (n.) sand, gravel, small stones [OE; ModE grit]
grete(n) (v.) to GREET, welcome, say hello to; salute, hail (imper. pl. greteth; past sing. grette) [OE]
gretunge (n.) GREETING, salute (pl. gretunges)
grevi (v., pres. subj. sing.) oppress, harm; give pain, GRIEVE; cause grief, sorrow (pres. 2 sing. grevest; pres. 3 sing. greveth) [OF]
gridil (n.) GRIDDLE, the means of St. Lawrence's martyrdom [OF]
grim, grimme (adj.) GRIM, fierce, cruel, harsh (superlat. grimmest) [OE]
grimliche (adv.) GRIMLY, cruelly, fiercely; frightfully, terribly, horribly [OE]
grindel-stanes (n. pl.) GRIND-STONES [*OE]
grinden (v.) to GRIND (pres. 3 sing. grint [= grindeth]) [OE]
grinnen (v.) to grimace, snarl, growl; gape; to sneer, laugh unpleasantly [OE; see ModE grin]
gris (n.) piglet, young pig [ON]
grise (v., pres. subj. sing.) shudder, tremble (with fear, horror); be afraid (pres. 3 sing. griseth) [*OE]
grislich(e) (adj.) GRISLY, terrifying, horrific
grith (n.) peace, law and order; protection, shelter, refuge; sanctuary, haven; mercy, pardon, clemency [late OE, from ON]
grithful (adj.) peaceful, tranquil
grithful(l)nesse (n.) peacefulness, tranquillity
grome (n.) rage, anger, hostility; dispute; grief, sorrow, remorse; harm, injury; punishment [OE]
gromes (n. pl.) boys [origin obscure; see ModE groom]
grot (n.) a fragment, particle [OE; ModE groats "crushed grain"]
grucchi (v., imper. pl.) complain, grumble (pres. subj. sing. grucchi; past sing. gruchede; pres. part. grucchinde) [OF; related to ModE grouch]
grucchilt (n.) complaining woman (pl. grucchildes) [see grucchi (v.) and -ild (suffix)]
grucchunge, gruchunge (n.) grumbling, GROUCHING, complaining
grulleth (v., pres. 3 sing., impers.) trembles (with fear), is afraid) [*OE]
grunde (n.) bottom, depth; GROUND, earth; bringen to grunde = bring down, destroy [OE]
grune (n.) snare, trap; OED: "snare for catching birds or animals, made of cord, hair, wire, or the like, with a running noose" (pl. grunen) [OE]
grure (n.) horror, terror; pain, suffering [OE]
grureful(e) (adj.) terrifying, horrific
grurefulliche (adv.) horrifically, frighteningly
gruselin (v.) to munch, snack on
gruttene (adj.) bran, made of bran; coarse [from OE]
gulchen (v.) to drink greedily; to spew, spit, vomit; (fig.) to utter plainly and fully (pres. subj. sing. culche; pres. 3 sing. culcheth) [OE]
guldene (adj.) GOLDEN [OE]
gult (n.) fault, offense, sin, crime; GUILT (pl. gultes) [OE]
gulte (v., pres. subj. sing.) do wrong, misbehave, commit a crime; sin (pres. 1 sing. gulte; pres. 3 sing. gulteth; past sing. gulte; past pl. gulten) [OE]
gunfanuner (n.) standard bearer [derived in some obscure way from OF gunfalon; from Ger. *gun� "war" + *fano "banner"]
gurde (v., past sing. & v., pres. subj. sing.) struck, rained blows on [OE]; (v., pres. subj. sing.) cinch, belt, GIRD (past part. i-gurd) [OE]
gurdel (n.) belt (pl. gurdles) [OE; ModE girdle]
gurdunge (n.) belting, the GIRDING of the body with a belt
gure-blode (n.) gushing, flowing BLOOD [from OE; see Zettersten (1965), p. 149]
gute-feastre (n.) flowing, running sore [see yeotteth (v.) + feastre (n.)]

ha (personal pron., 3 fem. sing. or 3 pl.) she; they [OE; see d'Ardenne (1961), p. 156]
habben (v.) to HAVE, possess; experience (a feeling); (a helping verb) (imper. sing. have; imper. pl. habbeth; pres. subj. sing. habbe, have; pres. subj. pl. habben; pres. 1 sing. habbe; pres. 2 sing. havest; pres. 3 sing. habbeth, haveth; pres. pl. habbeth; past 2 sing. hefdest; past 3 sing. hefde; past pl. hefden; past part. i-haved) [OE]
habit (n.) dress, clothing; HABIT, clothing signifying membership in a religious order [OF]
hacketh (v., pres. 3 sing.) HACKS, chops (past sing. hackede; past part. i-hacket) [*OE]
hades (n. pl.) offices, functions, persons [OE]
haggen (n. pl.) HAGS, harpies [*OE]
haher (adj.) skillful, clever [ON]
hal(e) (adj.) HEALTHY, healed, wholesome; intact, not damaged, whole, undivided (superlat. halest) [OE]
hald (n.) restraint, HOLD [OE]
halde(n) (v.) to HOLD, keep, protect; avail, do g