21. GREGORY

1 Recommaunde, Offer.

2 peyne, pain; cheese, choose.

3 ben wers, are worse.

4 Loke, Look; yre, ire; connynge, cleverness.

11 Dyspreyse, Denounce; meche, much.

21. GREGORY: EXPLANATORY NOTES

ABBREVIATIONS: B = Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers, ed. Bühler (1941); CA = Gower's Confessio Amantis; CT = Chaucer's Canterbury Tales; G = Pierpont Morgan Library MS G.66; MED = Middle English Dictionary; OED = Oxford English Dictionary; S = Scrope, Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers, ed. Schofield (1936).

These explanatory notes cannot hope to provide a complete accounting for the source of every proverbial statement in Dicts and Sayings. That task would be a separate book in its own right. Instead, I have attempted to contextualize this rather heterogeneous body of lore by identifying the people and places named in the text, as well as noting points that may be of interest to students and general readers. Those interested in tracing the source of particular quotations should begin by consulting Whiting's Proverbs, Sentences, and Proverbial Phrases From English Writings Mainly Before 1500. Readers are also invited to consult the thorough notes to Knust's Bocados de Oro, the Spanish translation of the original Arabic ancestor of Dicts and Sayings.

1 Seint Gregory. Saint Gregory (c. 540-604) is known today as Pope Gregory the Great (r. 590-604), one of the most celebrated medieval popes. In many ways he laid the foundation of the medieval Church: he instituted sweeping papal and ecclesiastical reforms, argued for a more rigidly hierarchical Church structure with the pope firmly at the top, established the power of the pope as a political figure (the ruler of Rome and the surrounding Papal States), and wrote many influential treatises (such as Pastoral Care, a guidebook for Church administration). The presence of a major Christian figure seems incongruous in a text from the Muslim world, but Gregory is not a late interpolation - his section appears as early as Bocados de Oro, the Spanish translation of the Arabic original and the earliest version of Dicts and Sayings that I have been able to consult directly.